Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production

The present study focused on the synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone through thermal method. The produced catalyst was used for castor seed oil (CO) biodiesel production. A different mixing ratio of teeth and bone was used with a calcination temperature...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tamrat Getachew Mengistu, Ali Shemsedin Reshad
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2022-06-01
Series:Heliyon
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402201012X
_version_ 1818215145965355008
author Tamrat Getachew Mengistu
Ali Shemsedin Reshad
author_facet Tamrat Getachew Mengistu
Ali Shemsedin Reshad
author_sort Tamrat Getachew Mengistu
collection DOAJ
description The present study focused on the synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone through thermal method. The produced catalyst was used for castor seed oil (CO) biodiesel production. A different mixing ratio of teeth and bone was used with a calcination temperature range from 650 °C to 1250 °C with 100 °C increment for 3h calcination duration. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for animal teeth and bone was performed to identify the common decomposition temperature range. The effect of calcination temperature on basicity of the catalyst and yield of biodiesel was studied for each teeth and bone mixing ratio. Maximum basicity of 6.12mmol HCl/g and biodiesel of 89.5wt% was obtained by mixing ratio of 25wt% teeth and 75wt% bone at calcination temperature of 1150 °C for 3h. The purity of the produced biodiesel in terms of mono fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) formation was found to be 92.6%. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and TGA was used to characterize the raw and produced catalyst. The maximum yield of FAME (89.5wt% with 92.6% purity) was obtained by 5wt% catalyst loading and 9:1 M ratio of methanol to castor seed oil at 60 °C reaction temperature for 3h. Compositional analysis of the produced CO FAME was performed by FT-IR, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The performance of the produced catalyst was also checked using its reusability for transesterification CO. Further, the physico-chemical properties including rheological properties of the produced CO FAME were characterized by ASTM methods to check its suitability as a liquid biofuel.
first_indexed 2024-12-12T06:31:26Z
format Article
id doaj.art-f76e43aac94a4900acf3a8f454e22a41
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2405-8440
language English
last_indexed 2024-12-12T06:31:26Z
publishDate 2022-06-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Heliyon
spelling doaj.art-f76e43aac94a4900acf3a8f454e22a412022-12-22T00:34:35ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-06-0186e09724Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel productionTamrat Getachew Mengistu0Ali Shemsedin Reshad1Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Center of Excellence for Sustainable Energy Research, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.The present study focused on the synthesis of heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone through thermal method. The produced catalyst was used for castor seed oil (CO) biodiesel production. A different mixing ratio of teeth and bone was used with a calcination temperature range from 650 °C to 1250 °C with 100 °C increment for 3h calcination duration. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for animal teeth and bone was performed to identify the common decomposition temperature range. The effect of calcination temperature on basicity of the catalyst and yield of biodiesel was studied for each teeth and bone mixing ratio. Maximum basicity of 6.12mmol HCl/g and biodiesel of 89.5wt% was obtained by mixing ratio of 25wt% teeth and 75wt% bone at calcination temperature of 1150 °C for 3h. The purity of the produced biodiesel in terms of mono fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) formation was found to be 92.6%. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and TGA was used to characterize the raw and produced catalyst. The maximum yield of FAME (89.5wt% with 92.6% purity) was obtained by 5wt% catalyst loading and 9:1 M ratio of methanol to castor seed oil at 60 °C reaction temperature for 3h. Compositional analysis of the produced CO FAME was performed by FT-IR, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The performance of the produced catalyst was also checked using its reusability for transesterification CO. Further, the physico-chemical properties including rheological properties of the produced CO FAME were characterized by ASTM methods to check its suitability as a liquid biofuel.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402201012XAnimal boneAnimal teethCalcinationBasicityCastor seed oil biodieselCharacterization
spellingShingle Tamrat Getachew Mengistu
Ali Shemsedin Reshad
Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
Heliyon
Animal bone
Animal teeth
Calcination
Basicity
Castor seed oil biodiesel
Characterization
title Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
title_full Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
title_fullStr Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
title_short Synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
title_sort synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous catalyst from a mixture of waste animal teeth and bone for castor seed oil biodiesel production
topic Animal bone
Animal teeth
Calcination
Basicity
Castor seed oil biodiesel
Characterization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402201012X
work_keys_str_mv AT tamratgetachewmengistu synthesisandcharacterizationofaheterogeneouscatalystfromamixtureofwasteanimalteethandboneforcastorseedoilbiodieselproduction
AT alishemsedinreshad synthesisandcharacterizationofaheterogeneouscatalystfromamixtureofwasteanimalteethandboneforcastorseedoilbiodieselproduction