GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties
The gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, known as the “brightest of all time,” is the closest energetic burst detected so far, with an energy of E _γ _,iso ∼ 10 ^55 erg. This study aims to assess its compatibility with known GRB energy and luminosity distributions. Our analysis indicates that the energy/lum...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accf93 |
| _version_ | 1827830449909530624 |
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| author | Lin Lan He Gao An Li Shuo Xiao Shunke Ai Zong-Kai Peng Long Li Chen-Yu Wang Nan Xu Shijie Lin Wei-Hua Lei Bing Zhang Yan-Qiu Zhang Chao Zheng Jia-Cong Liu Wang-Chen Xue Chen-Wei Wang Wen-Jun Tan Shao-Lin Xiong |
| author_facet | Lin Lan He Gao An Li Shuo Xiao Shunke Ai Zong-Kai Peng Long Li Chen-Yu Wang Nan Xu Shijie Lin Wei-Hua Lei Bing Zhang Yan-Qiu Zhang Chao Zheng Jia-Cong Liu Wang-Chen Xue Chen-Wei Wang Wen-Jun Tan Shao-Lin Xiong |
| author_sort | Lin Lan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, known as the “brightest of all time,” is the closest energetic burst detected so far, with an energy of E _γ _,iso ∼ 10 ^55 erg. This study aims to assess its compatibility with known GRB energy and luminosity distributions. Our analysis indicates that the energy/luminosity function of GRBs is consistent across various redshift intervals, and that the inclusion of GRB 221009A does not significantly impact the function at low redshifts. Additionally, our evaluation of the best-fitting result of the entire GRB sample suggests that the expected number of GRBs with energy greater than 10 ^55 erg at a low redshift is 0.2, so that the emergence of GRB 221009A is consistent with expected energy/luminosity functions within ∼2 σ Poisson fluctuation error, still adhering to the principles of small number statistics. Furthermore, we find that GRB 221009A and other energetic bursts, defined as E _γ _,iso ≳ 10 ^54 erg, exhibit no significant differences in terms of distributions of T _90 , minimum timescale, Amati relation, E _γ _,iso – E _X,iso relation, L _γ _,iso –Γ _0 relation, E _γ _,iso –Γ _0 relation, L _γ _,iso – E _p,i –Γ _0 relation, and host galaxy properties, compared to normal long GRBs. This suggests that energetic GRBs (including GRB 221009A) and other long GRBs likely have similar progenitor systems and undergo similar energy dissipation and radiation processes. The generation of energetic GRBs may be due to more extreme central engine properties or, more likely, a rarer viewing configuration of a quasi-universal structured jet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:28:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f76eadbecce740519263694025170207 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:28:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-f76eadbecce7405192636940251702072023-09-03T10:15:42ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019491L410.3847/2041-8213/accf93GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational PropertiesLin Lan0He Gao1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-6558An Li2Shuo Xiao3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2957-2806Shunke Ai4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-8312Zong-Kai Peng5Long Li6Chen-Yu Wang7Nan Xu8Shijie Lin9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1859-2780Wei-Hua Lei10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-1526Bing Zhang11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-2524Yan-Qiu Zhang12Chao Zheng13Jia-Cong Liu14Wang-Chen Xue15Chen-Wei Wang16Wen-Jun Tan17Shao-Lin Xiong18https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-7653Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China ; gaohe@bnu.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China ; gaohe@bnu.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China ; gaohe@bnu.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of ChinaGuizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy and Data Processing, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, Peoples Republic of China; School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University , Guiyang 550001, Peoples Republic Of ChinaSchool of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China ; gaohe@bnu.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of ChinaSchool of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China ; gaohe@bnu.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People's Republic of China ; gaohe@bnu.edu.cn; Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of ChinaNevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada , Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada , Las Vegas, NV 89154, USAKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaThe gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, known as the “brightest of all time,” is the closest energetic burst detected so far, with an energy of E _γ _,iso ∼ 10 ^55 erg. This study aims to assess its compatibility with known GRB energy and luminosity distributions. Our analysis indicates that the energy/luminosity function of GRBs is consistent across various redshift intervals, and that the inclusion of GRB 221009A does not significantly impact the function at low redshifts. Additionally, our evaluation of the best-fitting result of the entire GRB sample suggests that the expected number of GRBs with energy greater than 10 ^55 erg at a low redshift is 0.2, so that the emergence of GRB 221009A is consistent with expected energy/luminosity functions within ∼2 σ Poisson fluctuation error, still adhering to the principles of small number statistics. Furthermore, we find that GRB 221009A and other energetic bursts, defined as E _γ _,iso ≳ 10 ^54 erg, exhibit no significant differences in terms of distributions of T _90 , minimum timescale, Amati relation, E _γ _,iso – E _X,iso relation, L _γ _,iso –Γ _0 relation, E _γ _,iso –Γ _0 relation, L _γ _,iso – E _p,i –Γ _0 relation, and host galaxy properties, compared to normal long GRBs. This suggests that energetic GRBs (including GRB 221009A) and other long GRBs likely have similar progenitor systems and undergo similar energy dissipation and radiation processes. The generation of energetic GRBs may be due to more extreme central engine properties or, more likely, a rarer viewing configuration of a quasi-universal structured jet.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accf93Gamma-ray bursts |
| spellingShingle | Lin Lan He Gao An Li Shuo Xiao Shunke Ai Zong-Kai Peng Long Li Chen-Yu Wang Nan Xu Shijie Lin Wei-Hua Lei Bing Zhang Yan-Qiu Zhang Chao Zheng Jia-Cong Liu Wang-Chen Xue Chen-Wei Wang Wen-Jun Tan Shao-Lin Xiong GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties The Astrophysical Journal Letters Gamma-ray bursts |
| title | GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties |
| title_full | GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties |
| title_fullStr | GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties |
| title_short | GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties |
| title_sort | grb 221009a an ordinary nearby grb with extraordinary observational properties |
| topic | Gamma-ray bursts |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/accf93 |
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