Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load
The flexure response of novel thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D fibre-reinforced composites (FRC) was evaluated and compared with a conventional thermoset (Epolam<sup>®</sup>)-based 3D-FRC. Ten different types of sample 3D-FRC were prepared by varying fibre orientations, i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/11/2225 |
| _version_ | 1797491999009406976 |
|---|---|
| author | Syed Zulfiqar Hussain Shah Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff Saravanan Karuppanan Rizwan Saeed Choudhry Zubair Sajid |
| author_facet | Syed Zulfiqar Hussain Shah Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff Saravanan Karuppanan Rizwan Saeed Choudhry Zubair Sajid |
| author_sort | Syed Zulfiqar Hussain Shah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The flexure response of novel thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D fibre-reinforced composites (FRC) was evaluated and compared with a conventional thermoset (Epolam<sup>®</sup>)-based 3D-FRC. Ten different types of sample 3D-FRC were prepared by varying fibre orientations, i.e., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, and resin system, i.e., thermoplastic and thermoset. The bending characteristics and failure mechanisms were determined by conducting a three-point bend test. Results elucidate that the on-axis specimens show linear response and brittle failure; in contrast, the off-axis specimens depicted highly nonlinear response and ductile failure. The thermoplastic on-axis specimen exhibited almost similar flexure strength; in comparison, the off-axis specimens show ~17% lower flexure strength compared to thermoset 3D-FRC. Thermoplastic 3D-FRC shows ~40% higher energy absorption, ~23% lower flexure modulus and ~27% higher flexure strains as compared to its thermoset counterpart. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:57:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f771ea98a81d41ac8dbb4dfec0089330 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:57:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f771ea98a81d41ac8dbb4dfec00893302023-11-23T14:41:38ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-05-011411222510.3390/polym14112225Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure LoadSyed Zulfiqar Hussain Shah0Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff1Saravanan Karuppanan2Rizwan Saeed Choudhry3Zubair Sajid4Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaSchool of Computing and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Discipline, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UKMechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, MalaysiaThe flexure response of novel thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D fibre-reinforced composites (FRC) was evaluated and compared with a conventional thermoset (Epolam<sup>®</sup>)-based 3D-FRC. Ten different types of sample 3D-FRC were prepared by varying fibre orientations, i.e., 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, and resin system, i.e., thermoplastic and thermoset. The bending characteristics and failure mechanisms were determined by conducting a three-point bend test. Results elucidate that the on-axis specimens show linear response and brittle failure; in contrast, the off-axis specimens depicted highly nonlinear response and ductile failure. The thermoplastic on-axis specimen exhibited almost similar flexure strength; in comparison, the off-axis specimens show ~17% lower flexure strength compared to thermoset 3D-FRC. Thermoplastic 3D-FRC shows ~40% higher energy absorption, ~23% lower flexure modulus and ~27% higher flexure strains as compared to its thermoset counterpart.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/11/22253D compositesthermoplasticthermosetoff-axis flexure behaviouron-axis flexure behaviour |
| spellingShingle | Syed Zulfiqar Hussain Shah Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff Saravanan Karuppanan Rizwan Saeed Choudhry Zubair Sajid Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load Polymers 3D composites thermoplastic thermoset off-axis flexure behaviour on-axis flexure behaviour |
| title | Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load |
| title_full | Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load |
| title_fullStr | Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load |
| title_full_unstemmed | Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load |
| title_short | Off-Axis and On-Axis Performance of Novel Acrylic Thermoplastic (Elium<sup>®</sup>) 3D Fibre-Reinforced Composites under Flexure Load |
| title_sort | off axis and on axis performance of novel acrylic thermoplastic elium sup r sup 3d fibre reinforced composites under flexure load |
| topic | 3D composites thermoplastic thermoset off-axis flexure behaviour on-axis flexure behaviour |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/11/2225 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT syedzulfiqarhussainshah offaxisandonaxisperformanceofnovelacrylicthermoplasticeliumsupsup3dfibrereinforcedcompositesunderflexureload AT puterismmegatyusoff offaxisandonaxisperformanceofnovelacrylicthermoplasticeliumsupsup3dfibrereinforcedcompositesunderflexureload AT saravanankaruppanan offaxisandonaxisperformanceofnovelacrylicthermoplasticeliumsupsup3dfibrereinforcedcompositesunderflexureload AT rizwansaeedchoudhry offaxisandonaxisperformanceofnovelacrylicthermoplasticeliumsupsup3dfibrereinforcedcompositesunderflexureload AT zubairsajid offaxisandonaxisperformanceofnovelacrylicthermoplasticeliumsupsup3dfibrereinforcedcompositesunderflexureload |