Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), also known as polychlorinated alkanes (PCA), are a very complex class of polyhalogenated compounds currently produced in unmatchable amounts for different industrial uses. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs; C10- to C13-CPs) are listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention and medium-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Contaminants |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665023000537 |
| _version_ | 1797615964096823296 |
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| author | Walter Vetter Tobias Schulz Sina Schweizer Sebastian Zellmer |
| author_facet | Walter Vetter Tobias Schulz Sina Schweizer Sebastian Zellmer |
| author_sort | Walter Vetter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), also known as polychlorinated alkanes (PCA), are a very complex class of polyhalogenated compounds currently produced in unmatchable amounts for different industrial uses. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs; C10- to C13-CPs) are listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs; C14- to C17-CPs) are proposed for listing. Here, we investigated the presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in 21 rubber samples used as food contact materials from the German market. For this purpose, an analytical method was developed which consisted of (i) freezing and (ii) grounding of the material, (iii) removal of oligomers by adsorption chromatography, (iv) matrix destruction with sulfuric acid, and (v) GC/ECNI-MS screening and quantification. Three of the rubber samples were found to contain predominantly MCCPs at 69, 113,000 and 341,000 mg/kg. The highest amount (corresponding with 34 weight-% CPs) was determined in one rubber band sample used to bundle a bunch of spring onions. A very high CP content of >300,000 mg/kg in this rubber band sample was confirmed by quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) analysis. This rubber material was in direct contact with the onions and leaching of CPs into the food cannot be excluded. Even more, micro-abrasions of rubber could be unintentionally swallowed by the consumer and this CP exposure could be higher than the current CP intake via food. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:34:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7a187d3d58e46d4a736eb1d27015aad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-6650 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:34:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Contaminants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7a187d3d58e46d4a736eb1d27015aad2023-11-17T05:27:28ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Emerging Contaminants2405-66502023-12-0194100255Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German marketWalter Vetter0Tobias Schulz1Sina Schweizer2Sebastian Zellmer3University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany; Corresponding author. University of Hohenheim Institute of Food Chemistry (170b) Garbenstr. 28, D-70599, Stuttgart, Germany.University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, GermanyUniversity of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstr. 28, 70599, Stuttgart, GermanyGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Chemical and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589, Berlin, GermanyChlorinated paraffins (CPs), also known as polychlorinated alkanes (PCA), are a very complex class of polyhalogenated compounds currently produced in unmatchable amounts for different industrial uses. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs; C10- to C13-CPs) are listed as POPs in the Stockholm Convention and medium-chain CPs (MCCPs; C14- to C17-CPs) are proposed for listing. Here, we investigated the presence of SCCPs and MCCPs in 21 rubber samples used as food contact materials from the German market. For this purpose, an analytical method was developed which consisted of (i) freezing and (ii) grounding of the material, (iii) removal of oligomers by adsorption chromatography, (iv) matrix destruction with sulfuric acid, and (v) GC/ECNI-MS screening and quantification. Three of the rubber samples were found to contain predominantly MCCPs at 69, 113,000 and 341,000 mg/kg. The highest amount (corresponding with 34 weight-% CPs) was determined in one rubber band sample used to bundle a bunch of spring onions. A very high CP content of >300,000 mg/kg in this rubber band sample was confirmed by quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) analysis. This rubber material was in direct contact with the onions and leaching of CPs into the food cannot be excluded. Even more, micro-abrasions of rubber could be unintentionally swallowed by the consumer and this CP exposure could be higher than the current CP intake via food.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665023000537Chlorinated paraffinPolychlorinated alkanesFood contact materialRubberGC/ECNI-MSNMR |
| spellingShingle | Walter Vetter Tobias Schulz Sina Schweizer Sebastian Zellmer Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market Emerging Contaminants Chlorinated paraffin Polychlorinated alkanes Food contact material Rubber GC/ECNI-MS NMR |
| title | Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market |
| title_full | Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market |
| title_fullStr | Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market |
| title_short | Chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the German market |
| title_sort | chlorinated paraffins in food contact materials made of rubber from the german market |
| topic | Chlorinated paraffin Polychlorinated alkanes Food contact material Rubber GC/ECNI-MS NMR |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665023000537 |
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