Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review
Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change th...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/701 |
| _version_ | 1797395202389835776 |
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| author | Sara Valvez Paulo N. B. Reis Luca Susmel Filippo Berto |
| author_facet | Sara Valvez Paulo N. B. Reis Luca Susmel Filippo Berto |
| author_sort | Sara Valvez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, due to their weaknesses, shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) prove to be an effective alternative. On the other hand, out of all the additive manufacturing techniques, the most widely used is fused filament fabrication (FFF). In this context, the present paper aims to critically review all studies related to the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials. The paper provides an update state of the art showing the potential of 4D-FFF printing for different engineering applications, maintaining the focus on the structural integrity of the final structure/component. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:32:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7ac5a0bdaee4b0599c9804de597c16c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:32:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7ac5a0bdaee4b0599c9804de597c16c2023-12-11T18:30:47ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-02-0113570110.3390/polym13050701Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A ReviewSara Valvez0Paulo N. B. Reis1Luca Susmel2Filippo Berto3C-MAST, Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, 6201-100 Covilhã, PortugalC-MAST, Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, 6201-100 Covilhã, PortugalDepartment of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UKDepartment of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Richard Birkelands vei 2b, 7491 Trondheim, NorwayAdditive manufacturing (AM) is the process through which components/structures are produced layer-by-layer. In this context, 4D printing combines 3D printing with time so that this combination results in additively manufactured components that respond to external stimuli and, consequently, change their shape/volume or modify their mechanical properties. Therefore, 4D printing uses shape-memory materials that react to external stimuli such as pH, humidity, and temperature. Among the possible materials with shape memory effect (SME), the most suitable for additive manufacturing are shape memory polymers (SMPs). However, due to their weaknesses, shape memory polymer compounds (SMPCs) prove to be an effective alternative. On the other hand, out of all the additive manufacturing techniques, the most widely used is fused filament fabrication (FFF). In this context, the present paper aims to critically review all studies related to the mechanical properties of 4D-FFF materials. The paper provides an update state of the art showing the potential of 4D-FFF printing for different engineering applications, maintaining the focus on the structural integrity of the final structure/component.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/701additive manufacturing (AM)fused filament fabrication (FFF)4D printingshape memory effect (SME)mechanical performancestructural integrity |
| spellingShingle | Sara Valvez Paulo N. B. Reis Luca Susmel Filippo Berto Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review Polymers additive manufacturing (AM) fused filament fabrication (FFF) 4D printing shape memory effect (SME) mechanical performance structural integrity |
| title | Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review |
| title_full | Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review |
| title_short | Fused Filament Fabrication-4D-Printed Shape Memory Polymers: A Review |
| title_sort | fused filament fabrication 4d printed shape memory polymers a review |
| topic | additive manufacturing (AM) fused filament fabrication (FFF) 4D printing shape memory effect (SME) mechanical performance structural integrity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/5/701 |
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