Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children
IntroductionAfter trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) cessation, Pakistan has maintained immunity to type 2 poliovirus by administering inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization, alongside monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and IPV in supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). This...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384410/full |
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| author | Imtiaz Hussain Muhammad Umer Ahmad Khan Muhammad Sajid Imran Ahmed Kehkashan Begum Junaid Iqbal Muhammad M. Alam Rana M. Safdar Shahzad Baig Arie Voorman Jeffrey Partridge Sajid Soofi Sajid Soofi |
| author_facet | Imtiaz Hussain Muhammad Umer Ahmad Khan Muhammad Sajid Imran Ahmed Kehkashan Begum Junaid Iqbal Muhammad M. Alam Rana M. Safdar Shahzad Baig Arie Voorman Jeffrey Partridge Sajid Soofi Sajid Soofi |
| author_sort | Imtiaz Hussain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionAfter trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) cessation, Pakistan has maintained immunity to type 2 poliovirus by administering inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization, alongside monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and IPV in supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). This study assesses the change in poliovirus type 2 immunity after tOPV withdrawal and due to SIAs with mOPV2 and IPV among children aged 6–11 months.MethodsThree cross-sectional sequential serological surveys were conducted in 12 polio high-risk areas of Pakistan. 25 clusters from each geographical stratum were selected utilizing probability proportional to size.ResultsSeroprevalence of type 2 poliovirus was 49%, with significant variation observed among surveyed areas; <30% in Pishin, >80% in Killa Abdullah, Mardan & Swabi, and Rawalpindi. SIAs with IPV improved immunity from 38 to 57% in Karachi and 60 to 88% in Khyber. SIAs with IPV following mOPV2 improved immunity from 62 to 65% in Killa Abdullah, and combined mOPV2 and IPV SIAs in Pishin improved immunity from 28 to 89%. Results also reflected that immunity rates for serotypes 1 and 3 were consistently above 90% during all three phases and across all geographical areas.ConclusionThe study findings highlight the importance of implementing effective vaccination strategies to prevent the re-emergence of poliovirus. Moreover, the results provide crucial information for policymakers working toward achieving global polio eradication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:49:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7b0b22c67eb44389fac594042a63b28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:49:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7b0b22c67eb44389fac594042a63b282024-03-27T04:44:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-03-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.13844101384410Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani childrenImtiaz Hussain0Muhammad Umer1Ahmad Khan2Muhammad Sajid3Imran Ahmed4Kehkashan Begum5Junaid Iqbal6Muhammad M. Alam7Rana M. Safdar8Shahzad Baig9Arie Voorman10Jeffrey Partridge11Sajid Soofi12Sajid Soofi13Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanNational Institute of Health (Pakistan), Islamabad, PakistanPolio National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, PakistanPolio National Emergency Operations Center, Islamabad, PakistanBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United StatesBill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, United StatesCenter of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanIntroductionAfter trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV) cessation, Pakistan has maintained immunity to type 2 poliovirus by administering inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in routine immunization, alongside monovalent OPV type 2 (mOPV2) and IPV in supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). This study assesses the change in poliovirus type 2 immunity after tOPV withdrawal and due to SIAs with mOPV2 and IPV among children aged 6–11 months.MethodsThree cross-sectional sequential serological surveys were conducted in 12 polio high-risk areas of Pakistan. 25 clusters from each geographical stratum were selected utilizing probability proportional to size.ResultsSeroprevalence of type 2 poliovirus was 49%, with significant variation observed among surveyed areas; <30% in Pishin, >80% in Killa Abdullah, Mardan & Swabi, and Rawalpindi. SIAs with IPV improved immunity from 38 to 57% in Karachi and 60 to 88% in Khyber. SIAs with IPV following mOPV2 improved immunity from 62 to 65% in Killa Abdullah, and combined mOPV2 and IPV SIAs in Pishin improved immunity from 28 to 89%. Results also reflected that immunity rates for serotypes 1 and 3 were consistently above 90% during all three phases and across all geographical areas.ConclusionThe study findings highlight the importance of implementing effective vaccination strategies to prevent the re-emergence of poliovirus. Moreover, the results provide crucial information for policymakers working toward achieving global polio eradication.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384410/fullpoliovirustype 2 immunityeradicationseroprevalencePakistan |
| spellingShingle | Imtiaz Hussain Muhammad Umer Ahmad Khan Muhammad Sajid Imran Ahmed Kehkashan Begum Junaid Iqbal Muhammad M. Alam Rana M. Safdar Shahzad Baig Arie Voorman Jeffrey Partridge Sajid Soofi Sajid Soofi Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children Frontiers in Public Health poliovirus type 2 immunity eradication seroprevalence Pakistan |
| title | Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children |
| title_full | Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children |
| title_short | Exploring the path to polio eradication: insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among Pakistani children |
| title_sort | exploring the path to polio eradication insights from consecutive seroprevalence surveys among pakistani children |
| topic | poliovirus type 2 immunity eradication seroprevalence Pakistan |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384410/full |
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