Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests
Particulate matter deposited on leaf surfaces may cause erosion/abrasion of epicuticular wax and the malfunction of stomata. However, the deposition processes of particulate matter, such as elemental carbon (EC), has not been studied sufficiently in Asian forest ecosystems. Deposition processes for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2012-12-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1576&aidx=19874 |
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| author | Hiroyuki Sase Kazuhide Matsuda Thiti Visaratana Hathairatana Garivait Naoyuki Yamashita Bopit Kietvuttinon Bundit Hongthong Jesada Luangjame Pojanie Khummongkol Junko Shindo Tomomi Endo Keiichi Sato Shigeki Uchiyama Masamitsu Miyazawa Makoto Nakata I. Wuled Lenggoro |
| author_facet | Hiroyuki Sase Kazuhide Matsuda Thiti Visaratana Hathairatana Garivait Naoyuki Yamashita Bopit Kietvuttinon Bundit Hongthong Jesada Luangjame Pojanie Khummongkol Junko Shindo Tomomi Endo Keiichi Sato Shigeki Uchiyama Masamitsu Miyazawa Makoto Nakata I. Wuled Lenggoro |
| author_sort | Hiroyuki Sase |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Particulate matter deposited on leaf surfaces may cause erosion/abrasion of epicuticular wax and the malfunction of stomata. However, the deposition processes of particulate matter, such as elemental carbon (EC), has not been studied sufficiently in Asian forest ecosystems. Deposition processes for particulate SO42- and EC were studied in a Japanese cedar forest in Kajikawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and in a dry evergreen forest and a dry deciduous forest in Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The SO42- fluxes attributed to rainfall outside the forest canopy (RF), throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) showed distinct seasonalities at both sites, increasing from November to February at the Kajikawa site and in March/April at the Sakaerat site. Seasonal west/northwest winds in winter may transport sulfur compounds across the Sea of Japan to the Kajikawa site. At the Sakaerat site, pollutants suspended in the air or dry deposits from the dry season might have been washed away by the first precipitations of the wet season. The EC fluxes from RF and TF showed similar variations by season at the Kajikawa site, while the flux from TF was frequently lower than that from RF at the Sakaerat site. Particulate matter strongly adsorbed onto leaf surfaces is not washed away by rainfall and contributes to the EC flux. At the Kajikawa site, Japanese cedar leaf surfaces accumulated the highest levels of particulate matter and could not be neglected when calculating the total flux. When such leaf-surface particles were considered, the contribution of dry deposition to the total EC flux was estimated to be 67%, 77%, and 82% at the Kajikawa site, and at the evergreen and deciduous forests of the Sakaerat site, respectively. Leaf-surface particles must be included when evaluating the dry and total fluxes of particulate matter, in particular for waterinsoluble constituents such as EC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:30:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7bfc0e9539544a4a199a60f34e57a25 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1976-6912 2287-1160 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:30:45Z |
| publishDate | 2012-12-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7bfc0e9539544a4a199a60f34e57a252023-09-02T21:49:42ZengSpringerAsian Journal of Atmospheric Environment1976-69122287-11602012-12-016424625810.5572/ajae.2012.6.4.246Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai ForestsHiroyuki Sase0Kazuhide Matsuda1Thiti Visaratana2Hathairatana Garivait3Naoyuki Yamashita4Bopit Kietvuttinon5Bundit Hongthong6Jesada Luangjame 7Pojanie Khummongkol8Junko Shindo9Tomomi Endo10Keiichi Sato11Shigeki Uchiyama12Masamitsu Miyazawa13Makoto Nakata14I. Wuled Lenggoro15Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2144, JapanTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, JapanRoyal Forest Department, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, ThailandEnvironmental Research and Training Centre, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion Technopolis, Klong 5, Asia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2144, JapanRoyal Forest Department, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, ThailandRoyal Forest Department, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, ThailandAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2144, JapanKing Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 240 Pracha U-thit Road Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, ThailandNational Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, JapanEast Branch Office, Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 10-6 Yotsuya-kamicho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0828, JapanAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2144, JapanAsia Center for Air Pollution Research (ACAP), Japan Environmental Sanitation Center, 1182 Sowa, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2144, JapanNiigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanNiigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, JapanParticulate matter deposited on leaf surfaces may cause erosion/abrasion of epicuticular wax and the malfunction of stomata. However, the deposition processes of particulate matter, such as elemental carbon (EC), has not been studied sufficiently in Asian forest ecosystems. Deposition processes for particulate SO42- and EC were studied in a Japanese cedar forest in Kajikawa, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and in a dry evergreen forest and a dry deciduous forest in Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. The SO42- fluxes attributed to rainfall outside the forest canopy (RF), throughfall (TF), and stemflow (SF) showed distinct seasonalities at both sites, increasing from November to February at the Kajikawa site and in March/April at the Sakaerat site. Seasonal west/northwest winds in winter may transport sulfur compounds across the Sea of Japan to the Kajikawa site. At the Sakaerat site, pollutants suspended in the air or dry deposits from the dry season might have been washed away by the first precipitations of the wet season. The EC fluxes from RF and TF showed similar variations by season at the Kajikawa site, while the flux from TF was frequently lower than that from RF at the Sakaerat site. Particulate matter strongly adsorbed onto leaf surfaces is not washed away by rainfall and contributes to the EC flux. At the Kajikawa site, Japanese cedar leaf surfaces accumulated the highest levels of particulate matter and could not be neglected when calculating the total flux. When such leaf-surface particles were considered, the contribution of dry deposition to the total EC flux was estimated to be 67%, 77%, and 82% at the Kajikawa site, and at the evergreen and deciduous forests of the Sakaerat site, respectively. Leaf-surface particles must be included when evaluating the dry and total fluxes of particulate matter, in particular for waterinsoluble constituents such as EC.http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1576&aidx=19874throughfallparticulate matterleafcryptomeria japonicatropical species |
| spellingShingle | Hiroyuki Sase Kazuhide Matsuda Thiti Visaratana Hathairatana Garivait Naoyuki Yamashita Bopit Kietvuttinon Bundit Hongthong Jesada Luangjame Pojanie Khummongkol Junko Shindo Tomomi Endo Keiichi Sato Shigeki Uchiyama Masamitsu Miyazawa Makoto Nakata I. Wuled Lenggoro Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment throughfall particulate matter leaf cryptomeria japonica tropical species |
| title | Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests |
| title_full | Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests |
| title_fullStr | Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests |
| title_short | Deposition Process of Sulfate and Elemental Carbon in Japanese and Thai Forests |
| title_sort | deposition process of sulfate and elemental carbon in japanese and thai forests |
| topic | throughfall particulate matter leaf cryptomeria japonica tropical species |
| url | http://asianjae.org/_common/do.php?a=full&b=11&bidx=1576&aidx=19874 |
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