A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms
Lack of cost information is a barrier to acceptance of 3D woven preforms as reinforcements for composite materials, compared with 2D preforms. A parametric, resource-based technical cost model (TCM) was developed for 3D woven preforms based on a novel relationship equating manufacturing time and 3D...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/1/18 |
| _version_ | 1797493002799677440 |
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| author | James Clarke Alistair McIlhagger Dorian Dixon Edward Archer Glenda Stewart Roy Brelsford John Summerscales |
| author_facet | James Clarke Alistair McIlhagger Dorian Dixon Edward Archer Glenda Stewart Roy Brelsford John Summerscales |
| author_sort | James Clarke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lack of cost information is a barrier to acceptance of 3D woven preforms as reinforcements for composite materials, compared with 2D preforms. A parametric, resource-based technical cost model (TCM) was developed for 3D woven preforms based on a novel relationship equating manufacturing time and 3D preform complexity. Manufacturing time, and therefore cost, was found to scale with complexity for seventeen bespoke manufactured 3D preforms. Two sub-models were derived for a Weavebird loom and a Jacquard loom. For each loom, there was a strong correlation between preform complexity and manufacturing time. For a large, highly complex preform, the Jacquard loom is more efficient, so preform cost will be much lower than for the Weavebird. Provided production is continuous, learning, either by human agency or an autonomous loom control algorithm, can reduce preform cost for one or both looms to a commercially acceptable level. The TCM cost model framework could incorporate appropriate learning curves with digital twin/multi-variate analysis so that cost per preform of bespoke 3D woven fabrics for customised products with low production rates may be predicted with greater accuracy. A more accurate model could highlight resources such as tooling, labour and material for targeted cost reduction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:12:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7c17911b28c4ba1925c9fc346a21009 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:12:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7c17911b28c4ba1925c9fc346a210092023-11-23T14:14:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2022-01-01611810.3390/jcs6010018A Cost Model for 3D Woven PreformsJames Clarke0Alistair McIlhagger1Dorian Dixon2Edward Archer3Glenda Stewart4Roy Brelsford5John Summerscales6Engineering Composites Research Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 OQB, UKEngineering Composites Research Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 OQB, UKEngineering Composites Research Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 OQB, UKEngineering Composites Research Centre, Ulster University, Jordanstown BT37 OQB, UKAxis Composites Ltd., Airport Road, Belfast BT3 9DZ, UKAxis Composites Ltd., Airport Road, Belfast BT3 9DZ, UKMaterials and Structures (MAST)/Composites Engineering Research Group, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics (SECaM), University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UKLack of cost information is a barrier to acceptance of 3D woven preforms as reinforcements for composite materials, compared with 2D preforms. A parametric, resource-based technical cost model (TCM) was developed for 3D woven preforms based on a novel relationship equating manufacturing time and 3D preform complexity. Manufacturing time, and therefore cost, was found to scale with complexity for seventeen bespoke manufactured 3D preforms. Two sub-models were derived for a Weavebird loom and a Jacquard loom. For each loom, there was a strong correlation between preform complexity and manufacturing time. For a large, highly complex preform, the Jacquard loom is more efficient, so preform cost will be much lower than for the Weavebird. Provided production is continuous, learning, either by human agency or an autonomous loom control algorithm, can reduce preform cost for one or both looms to a commercially acceptable level. The TCM cost model framework could incorporate appropriate learning curves with digital twin/multi-variate analysis so that cost per preform of bespoke 3D woven fabrics for customised products with low production rates may be predicted with greater accuracy. A more accurate model could highlight resources such as tooling, labour and material for targeted cost reduction.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/1/183D woven fabricspreformcomplexitycost modellearningWeavebird |
| spellingShingle | James Clarke Alistair McIlhagger Dorian Dixon Edward Archer Glenda Stewart Roy Brelsford John Summerscales A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms Journal of Composites Science 3D woven fabrics preform complexity cost model learning Weavebird |
| title | A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms |
| title_full | A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms |
| title_fullStr | A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms |
| title_short | A Cost Model for 3D Woven Preforms |
| title_sort | cost model for 3d woven preforms |
| topic | 3D woven fabrics preform complexity cost model learning Weavebird |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/6/1/18 |
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