Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep
Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)
2008-03-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery |
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| Online Access: | http://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3212_2d19c85c8d7f6e33cc1d4e81561c6940.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818597547964366848 |
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| author | Hadi Dadafarid Alireza Najafpour |
| author_facet | Hadi Dadafarid Alireza Najafpour |
| author_sort | Hadi Dadafarid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep.
Design- Experimental study.
Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9 ± 15.1 kg.
Procedures- Animals were selected randomly and three treatments administered. The drugs were administered in the lumbosacral epidural space. The onset and duration of analgesia and sedation were determined and heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature, were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after administration. Analgesia was determined by lack of response to pin pricking and pinch test in the skin of caudal areas.
Results- The onset of analgesia was significantly faster in BK than that in B and K alone. Treatments with ketamine, either alone (K) or in combination (BK) lead to mild sedation. The heart rate increased significantly with B treatment at 15 and 20 min, and the respiratory rate showed a significant decrease with K treatment at 10 and 15 min.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Epidural administration of bupivacaine/ketamine combination resulted in fast onset and moderate duration of analgesia of caudal areas. The employed doses in BK treatment probably reduced the side effects observed in B and K treatments. It is concluded that the combination of BK could be used epidurally in sheep to perform operations without any marked side effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:49:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7c62cd774fc4dc4893af3578f77f8d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-3033 2008-3033 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T11:49:33Z |
| publishDate | 2008-03-01 |
| publisher | Iranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7c62cd774fc4dc4893af3578f77f8d82022-12-21T22:32:45ZengIranian Veterinary Surgery Association (IVSA)Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery2008-30332008-30332008-03-0103119273212Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in SheepHadi Dadafarid0Alireza Najafpour1Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran.Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran.Objective- To evaluate the effects of bupivacaine (B), ketamine (K), and a combination of bupivacaine and ketamine (BK) after lumbosacral epidural analgesia in sheep. Design- Experimental study. Animals- Nine healthy male and non-pregnant female Iranian Chall sheep with mean body weight of 38.9 ± 15.1 kg. Procedures- Animals were selected randomly and three treatments administered. The drugs were administered in the lumbosacral epidural space. The onset and duration of analgesia and sedation were determined and heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature, were recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after administration. Analgesia was determined by lack of response to pin pricking and pinch test in the skin of caudal areas. Results- The onset of analgesia was significantly faster in BK than that in B and K alone. Treatments with ketamine, either alone (K) or in combination (BK) lead to mild sedation. The heart rate increased significantly with B treatment at 15 and 20 min, and the respiratory rate showed a significant decrease with K treatment at 10 and 15 min. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Epidural administration of bupivacaine/ketamine combination resulted in fast onset and moderate duration of analgesia of caudal areas. The employed doses in BK treatment probably reduced the side effects observed in B and K treatments. It is concluded that the combination of BK could be used epidurally in sheep to perform operations without any marked side effects.http://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3212_2d19c85c8d7f6e33cc1d4e81561c6940.pdfEpidural spaceanalgesiaBupivacaineKetamineSheep |
| spellingShingle | Hadi Dadafarid Alireza Najafpour Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery Epidural space analgesia Bupivacaine Ketamine Sheep |
| title | Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep |
| title_full | Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep |
| title_fullStr | Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep |
| title_short | Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine, Ketamine, and the Combination of Bupivacaine and Ketamine in Sheep |
| title_sort | epidural analgesia with bupivacaine ketamine and the combination of bupivacaine and ketamine in sheep |
| topic | Epidural space analgesia Bupivacaine Ketamine Sheep |
| url | http://www.ivsajournals.com/article_3212_2d19c85c8d7f6e33cc1d4e81561c6940.pdf |
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