Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone
The <i>SnRK</i> gene family is the chief component of plant stress resistance and metabolism through activating the phosphorylation of downstream proteins. <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries. However, informat...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/994 |
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| author | Tingyao Liu Yinkai Yang Ruiyan Zhu Qichao Wang Yao Wang Min Shi Guoyin Kai |
| author_facet | Tingyao Liu Yinkai Yang Ruiyan Zhu Qichao Wang Yao Wang Min Shi Guoyin Kai |
| author_sort | Tingyao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The <i>SnRK</i> gene family is the chief component of plant stress resistance and metabolism through activating the phosphorylation of downstream proteins. <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries. However, information about the <i>SnRK</i> gene family of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> is not clear. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the <i>SnRK</i> gene family of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> and its response to phytohormone. Here, 33 <i>SmSnRK</i> genes were identified and divided into three subfamilies (SmSnRK1, SmSnRK2 and SmSnRK3) according to phylogenetic analysis and domain. <i>SmSnRK</i> genes within same subgroup shared similar protein motif composition and were unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>. <i>Cis</i>-acting element analysis showed that the promoter of <i>SmSnRK</i> genes was enriched with <i>ABRE</i> motifs. Expression pattern analysis revealed that <i>SmSnRK</i> genes were preferentially expressed in leaves and roots. Most <i>SmSnRK</i> genes were induced by ABA and MeJA treatment. Correlation analysis showed that <i>SmSnRK3.15</i> and <i>SmSnRK3.18</i> might positively regulate tanshinone biosynthesis; <i>SmSnRK3.10 and SmSnRK3.12</i> might positively regulate salvianolic acid biosynthesis. RNAi-based silencing of <i>SmSnRK2.6</i> down-regulated the biosynthesis of tanshinones and biosynthetic genes expression. An in vitro phosphorylation assay verified that SmSnRK2.2 interacted with and phosphorylated SmAREB1. These findings will provide a valuable basis for the functional characterization of <i>SmSnRK</i> genes and quality improvement of <i>S. miltiorrhiza.</i> |
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| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f7cad16a9fd34893b7f23f49a229c58e2024-04-12T13:24:49ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113799410.3390/plants13070994Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to HormoneTingyao Liu0Yinkai Yang1Ruiyan Zhu2Qichao Wang3Yao Wang4Min Shi5Guoyin Kai6College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaZhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaZhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaZhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaZhejiang Provincial TCM Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, ChinaThe <i>SnRK</i> gene family is the chief component of plant stress resistance and metabolism through activating the phosphorylation of downstream proteins. <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> is widely used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Asian countries. However, information about the <i>SnRK</i> gene family of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> is not clear. The aim of this study is to comprehensively analyze the <i>SnRK</i> gene family of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> and its response to phytohormone. Here, 33 <i>SmSnRK</i> genes were identified and divided into three subfamilies (SmSnRK1, SmSnRK2 and SmSnRK3) according to phylogenetic analysis and domain. <i>SmSnRK</i> genes within same subgroup shared similar protein motif composition and were unevenly distributed on eight chromosomes of <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>. <i>Cis</i>-acting element analysis showed that the promoter of <i>SmSnRK</i> genes was enriched with <i>ABRE</i> motifs. Expression pattern analysis revealed that <i>SmSnRK</i> genes were preferentially expressed in leaves and roots. Most <i>SmSnRK</i> genes were induced by ABA and MeJA treatment. Correlation analysis showed that <i>SmSnRK3.15</i> and <i>SmSnRK3.18</i> might positively regulate tanshinone biosynthesis; <i>SmSnRK3.10 and SmSnRK3.12</i> might positively regulate salvianolic acid biosynthesis. RNAi-based silencing of <i>SmSnRK2.6</i> down-regulated the biosynthesis of tanshinones and biosynthetic genes expression. An in vitro phosphorylation assay verified that SmSnRK2.2 interacted with and phosphorylated SmAREB1. These findings will provide a valuable basis for the functional characterization of <i>SmSnRK</i> genes and quality improvement of <i>S. miltiorrhiza.</i>https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/994<i>S. miltiorrhiza</i>SnRK familybioinformatics analysisexpression patternphytohormone |
| spellingShingle | Tingyao Liu Yinkai Yang Ruiyan Zhu Qichao Wang Yao Wang Min Shi Guoyin Kai Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone Plants <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> SnRK family bioinformatics analysis expression pattern phytohormone |
| title | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (<i>SnRK</i>) Genes in <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i> in Response to Hormone |
| title_sort | genome wide identification and expression analysis of sucrose nonfermenting 1 related protein kinase i snrk i genes in i salvia miltiorrhiza i in response to hormone |
| topic | <i>S. miltiorrhiza</i> SnRK family bioinformatics analysis expression pattern phytohormone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/994 |
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