An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices
Municipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas, and its utilization by composting is a good alternative to solve the problem. This paper presents the results from the quality assessment of two industrial composts (from the composting facility of a r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10668 |
| _version_ | 1827651844063625216 |
|---|---|
| author | Daniela V. Borisova Gergana S. Kostadinova Georgi S. Petkov Diyana M. Dermendzhieva Georgi G. Beev |
| author_facet | Daniela V. Borisova Gergana S. Kostadinova Georgi S. Petkov Diyana M. Dermendzhieva Georgi G. Beev |
| author_sort | Daniela V. Borisova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Municipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas, and its utilization by composting is a good alternative to solve the problem. This paper presents the results from the quality assessment of two industrial composts (from the composting facility of a regional nonhazardous waste landfill) based on their physicochemical properties, hygienic safety (microbiological parameters), fertilizing potential (by fertilizing index, FI) and heavy metal polluting potential (by clean index, CI). Compost 1 (C1) was made from MGW (100%) and Compost 2 (C2) was made from MGW (75%) and discarded green peppers (25%). The evaluation of physicochemical parameters was conducted according to Bulgarian Standards (BDS) methods and microbiological analysis using selective, chromogenic detection systems. It was found that the EC, P, K, Mg, Cu, Cr and Ni were lower for C1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05–0.001). On the other hand, Pb concentration was higher compared to C2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001); the concentrations of Cd, Hg and the <i>E. coli</i> were very low for both composts; presence of <i>Salmonella</i> was not detected. The estimated quality indexes (FI and CI) classified C1 as Class B compost (very-good-quality compost with medium fertilizing potential) and C2 as Class A compost (best-quality compost with high soil fertility potential and low heavy metal content). The C1 and C2 composts meet the requirements of EU and Bulgarian legislation and can be used as soil fertilizers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:45:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7d0f53912a24a2190fb2aa303d68c8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:45:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7d0f53912a24a2190fb2aa303d68c8b2023-11-23T22:48:26ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-10-0112201066810.3390/app122010668An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control IndicesDaniela V. Borisova0Gergana S. Kostadinova1Georgi S. Petkov2Diyana M. Dermendzhieva3Georgi G. Beev4Ecoresource Harmanli Ltd., 6450 Harmanli, BulgariaDepartment of Applied Ecology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Applied Ecology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Applied Ecology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Physics, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, BulgariaMunicipal green waste (MGW) has significantly increased with the development of urban green areas, and its utilization by composting is a good alternative to solve the problem. This paper presents the results from the quality assessment of two industrial composts (from the composting facility of a regional nonhazardous waste landfill) based on their physicochemical properties, hygienic safety (microbiological parameters), fertilizing potential (by fertilizing index, FI) and heavy metal polluting potential (by clean index, CI). Compost 1 (C1) was made from MGW (100%) and Compost 2 (C2) was made from MGW (75%) and discarded green peppers (25%). The evaluation of physicochemical parameters was conducted according to Bulgarian Standards (BDS) methods and microbiological analysis using selective, chromogenic detection systems. It was found that the EC, P, K, Mg, Cu, Cr and Ni were lower for C1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05–0.001). On the other hand, Pb concentration was higher compared to C2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001); the concentrations of Cd, Hg and the <i>E. coli</i> were very low for both composts; presence of <i>Salmonella</i> was not detected. The estimated quality indexes (FI and CI) classified C1 as Class B compost (very-good-quality compost with medium fertilizing potential) and C2 as Class A compost (best-quality compost with high soil fertility potential and low heavy metal content). The C1 and C2 composts meet the requirements of EU and Bulgarian legislation and can be used as soil fertilizers.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10668green wasteindustrial compostingcompostclean indexfertilizing indexquality |
| spellingShingle | Daniela V. Borisova Gergana S. Kostadinova Georgi S. Petkov Diyana M. Dermendzhieva Georgi G. Beev An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices Applied Sciences green waste industrial composting compost clean index fertilizing index quality |
| title | An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices |
| title_full | An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices |
| title_fullStr | An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices |
| title_short | An Assessment of Two Types of Industrially Produced Municipal Green Waste Compost by Quality Control Indices |
| title_sort | assessment of two types of industrially produced municipal green waste compost by quality control indices |
| topic | green waste industrial composting compost clean index fertilizing index quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10668 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT danielavborisova anassessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT gerganaskostadinova anassessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT georgispetkov anassessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT diyanamdermendzhieva anassessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT georgigbeev anassessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT danielavborisova assessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT gerganaskostadinova assessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT georgispetkov assessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT diyanamdermendzhieva assessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices AT georgigbeev assessmentoftwotypesofindustriallyproducedmunicipalgreenwastecompostbyqualitycontrolindices |