Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins
Traditional drought monitoring is based on observed data from both meteorological and hydrological stations. Due to the scarcity of station observation data, it is difficult to obtain accurate drought distribution characteristics, and also tedious to replicate the large-scale information of drought....
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Climate |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/4/56 |
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| author | Kuruva Satish Kumar Pallakury AnandRaj Koppala Sreelatha Deepak Singh Bisht Venkataramana Sridhar |
| author_facet | Kuruva Satish Kumar Pallakury AnandRaj Koppala Sreelatha Deepak Singh Bisht Venkataramana Sridhar |
| author_sort | Kuruva Satish Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditional drought monitoring is based on observed data from both meteorological and hydrological stations. Due to the scarcity of station observation data, it is difficult to obtain accurate drought distribution characteristics, and also tedious to replicate the large-scale information of drought. Thus, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data are utilized in monitoring and characterizing regional droughts where ground station data is limited. In this study, we analyzed and assessed the drought characteristics utilizing the GRACE Groundwater Drought Index (GGDI) over four major river basins in India during the period of 2003–2016. The spatial distribution, temporal evolution of drought, and trend characteristics were analyzed using GGDI. Then, the relationship between GGDI and climate factors were evaluated by the method of wavelet coherence. The results indicate the following points: GRACE’s quantitative results were consistent and robust for drought assessment; out of the four basins, severe drought was noticed in the Cauvery river basin between 2012 and 2015, with severity of −27 and duration of 42 months; other than Godavari river basin, the remaining three basins displayed significant negative trends at monthly and seasonal scales; the wavelet coherence method revealed that climate factors had a substantial effect on GGDI, and the impact of Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) on drought was significantly high, followed by Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Index (namely, NINO3.4) and Multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) in all the basins. This study provides reliable and robust quantitative result of GRACE water storage variations that shares new insights for further drought investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:38:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7d94cb67f8c41748852d66afc39f991 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2225-1154 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:38:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Climate |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7d94cb67f8c41748852d66afc39f9912023-11-21T14:09:43ZengMDPI AGClimate2225-11542021-04-01945610.3390/cli9040056Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River BasinsKuruva Satish Kumar0Pallakury AnandRaj1Koppala Sreelatha2Deepak Singh Bisht3Venkataramana Sridhar4Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506002, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506002, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506002, IndiaNational Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, IndiaDepartment of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USATraditional drought monitoring is based on observed data from both meteorological and hydrological stations. Due to the scarcity of station observation data, it is difficult to obtain accurate drought distribution characteristics, and also tedious to replicate the large-scale information of drought. Thus, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data are utilized in monitoring and characterizing regional droughts where ground station data is limited. In this study, we analyzed and assessed the drought characteristics utilizing the GRACE Groundwater Drought Index (GGDI) over four major river basins in India during the period of 2003–2016. The spatial distribution, temporal evolution of drought, and trend characteristics were analyzed using GGDI. Then, the relationship between GGDI and climate factors were evaluated by the method of wavelet coherence. The results indicate the following points: GRACE’s quantitative results were consistent and robust for drought assessment; out of the four basins, severe drought was noticed in the Cauvery river basin between 2012 and 2015, with severity of −27 and duration of 42 months; other than Godavari river basin, the remaining three basins displayed significant negative trends at monthly and seasonal scales; the wavelet coherence method revealed that climate factors had a substantial effect on GGDI, and the impact of Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) on drought was significantly high, followed by Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Index (namely, NINO3.4) and Multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) in all the basins. This study provides reliable and robust quantitative result of GRACE water storage variations that shares new insights for further drought investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/4/56GRACEGGDIdroughtwavelet coherenceteleconnections |
| spellingShingle | Kuruva Satish Kumar Pallakury AnandRaj Koppala Sreelatha Deepak Singh Bisht Venkataramana Sridhar Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins Climate GRACE GGDI drought wavelet coherence teleconnections |
| title | Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins |
| title_full | Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins |
| title_fullStr | Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins |
| title_short | Monthly and Seasonal Drought Characterization Using GRACE-Based Groundwater Drought Index and Its Link to Teleconnections across South Indian River Basins |
| title_sort | monthly and seasonal drought characterization using grace based groundwater drought index and its link to teleconnections across south indian river basins |
| topic | GRACE GGDI drought wavelet coherence teleconnections |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1154/9/4/56 |
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