Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China
Inland lake water–air interfaces, particularly the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>), have become key parameters in the study of global carbon cycle changes. However, there are few studies on short-term daily variations in <i>p</...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/19/3365 |
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| author | Rongjie Yang Yingying Chen Di Li Yuling Qiu Kezhu Lu Shiliang Liu Huixing Song |
| author_facet | Rongjie Yang Yingying Chen Di Li Yuling Qiu Kezhu Lu Shiliang Liu Huixing Song |
| author_sort | Rongjie Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inland lake water–air interfaces, particularly the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>), have become key parameters in the study of global carbon cycle changes. However, there are few studies on short-term daily variations in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in urbanizing lakes. The fluctuations in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes (<i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) were monitored biweekly on-site for <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> assessments during daytime hours (7:00–17:00 CST) from January to September 2020 in an urbanizing lake located in Southwest China. We found a pronounced and uninterrupted decline in the average levels of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> from 7:00 to 17:00 CST. Notably, the mornings (7:00–12:00 CST) exhibited substantially elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> values compared to the afternoons. Specifically, compared to 7:00, the mean <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> at 17:00 CST decreased by ca. 74% and 112%, respectively. The average daytime <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> was 707 ± 642 μatm, significantly higher than the typical atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels of 380–420 μatm, while the average <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on 9 January, 1 April, and 27 July was lower than typical atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Each month, all water environmental parameters showed significant differences. <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> reached maximums in September; water temperature and turbidity significantly increased; and pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency markedly decreased. Additionally, the correlation between <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and environmental factors demonstrated that the nutrient levels, dissolved oxygen, pH, and transparency/turbidity had significant roles in CO<sub>2</sub> dynamics in this lake. Therefore, this urbanizing lake could serve as a CO<sub>2</sub> source and sink during the daytime. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:52:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7e24ba5cc7d49b2ae42e6f66d8b77e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:52:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f7e24ba5cc7d49b2ae42e6f66d8b77e42023-11-30T20:49:01ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-09-011519336510.3390/w15193365Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest ChinaRongjie Yang0Yingying Chen1Di Li2Yuling Qiu3Kezhu Lu4Shiliang Liu5Huixing Song6School of Tourism and Culture Industry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaInland lake water–air interfaces, particularly the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub>), have become key parameters in the study of global carbon cycle changes. However, there are few studies on short-term daily variations in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> in urbanizing lakes. The fluctuations in <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes (<i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub>) were monitored biweekly on-site for <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> assessments during daytime hours (7:00–17:00 CST) from January to September 2020 in an urbanizing lake located in Southwest China. We found a pronounced and uninterrupted decline in the average levels of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> from 7:00 to 17:00 CST. Notably, the mornings (7:00–12:00 CST) exhibited substantially elevated <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> values compared to the afternoons. Specifically, compared to 7:00, the mean <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> at 17:00 CST decreased by ca. 74% and 112%, respectively. The average daytime <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> was 707 ± 642 μatm, significantly higher than the typical atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels of 380–420 μatm, while the average <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on 9 January, 1 April, and 27 July was lower than typical atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. Each month, all water environmental parameters showed significant differences. <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> reached maximums in September; water temperature and turbidity significantly increased; and pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency markedly decreased. Additionally, the correlation between <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> and environmental factors demonstrated that the nutrient levels, dissolved oxygen, pH, and transparency/turbidity had significant roles in CO<sub>2</sub> dynamics in this lake. Therefore, this urbanizing lake could serve as a CO<sub>2</sub> source and sink during the daytime.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/19/3365water–air interface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub><i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> source–sink interchangeurbanizing lakecarbon neutral |
| spellingShingle | Rongjie Yang Yingying Chen Di Li Yuling Qiu Kezhu Lu Shiliang Liu Huixing Song Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China Water water–air interface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>2</sub> source–sink interchange urbanizing lake carbon neutral |
| title | Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China |
| title_full | Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China |
| title_fullStr | Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China |
| title_short | Significant Daily CO<sub>2</sub> Source–Sink Interchange in an Urbanizing Lake in Southwest China |
| title_sort | significant daily co sub 2 sub source sink interchange in an urbanizing lake in southwest china |
| topic | water–air interface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>2</sub> source–sink interchange urbanizing lake carbon neutral |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/19/3365 |
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