ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle trauma is a common injury with a range of severity. Adenosine, lidocaine and Mg<sup>2+</sup> (ALM) is a protective solution and improves tissue perfusion and coagulopathy. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized and subjected to standardized skeletal muscle trauma of the left...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/6/870 |
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| author | Nina Sarah Hoeger Thomas Mittlmeier Brigitte Vollmar Ioannis Stratos Geoffrey P. Dobson Robert Rotter |
| author_facet | Nina Sarah Hoeger Thomas Mittlmeier Brigitte Vollmar Ioannis Stratos Geoffrey P. Dobson Robert Rotter |
| author_sort | Nina Sarah Hoeger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletal muscle trauma is a common injury with a range of severity. Adenosine, lidocaine and Mg<sup>2+</sup> (ALM) is a protective solution and improves tissue perfusion and coagulopathy. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized and subjected to standardized skeletal muscle trauma of the left soleus muscle with the protection of the neurovascular structures. Seventy animals were randomly assigned to saline control or ALM. Immediately after trauma, a bolus of ALM solution was applied intravenously, followed by a one-hour infusion. After 1, 4, 7, 14 and 42 days, the biomechanical regenerative capacity was examined using incomplete tetanic force and tetany, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine for proliferation and apoptosis characteristics. Biomechanical force development showed a significant increase following ALM therapy for incomplete tetanic force and tetany on days 4 and 7. In addition, the histological evaluation showed a significant increase in proliferative BrdU-positive cells with ALM therapy on days 1 and 14. Ki67 histology also detected significantly more proliferative cells on days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 42 in ALM-treated animals. Furthermore, a simultaneous decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was observed using the TUNEL method. ALM solution showed significant superiority in biomechanical force development and also a significant positive effect on cell proliferation in traumatized skeletal muscle tissue and reduced apoptosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:45:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7e5ae501c594be48fda82f838557e1c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:45:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f7e5ae501c594be48fda82f838557e1c2023-11-18T09:23:41ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-06-0112687010.3390/biology12060870ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal MuscleNina Sarah Hoeger0Thomas Mittlmeier1Brigitte Vollmar2Ioannis Stratos3Geoffrey P. Dobson4Robert Rotter5Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, GermanyInstitute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, GermanyDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, GermanyHeart and Trauma Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, AustraliaDepartment of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, GermanySkeletal muscle trauma is a common injury with a range of severity. Adenosine, lidocaine and Mg<sup>2+</sup> (ALM) is a protective solution and improves tissue perfusion and coagulopathy. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized and subjected to standardized skeletal muscle trauma of the left soleus muscle with the protection of the neurovascular structures. Seventy animals were randomly assigned to saline control or ALM. Immediately after trauma, a bolus of ALM solution was applied intravenously, followed by a one-hour infusion. After 1, 4, 7, 14 and 42 days, the biomechanical regenerative capacity was examined using incomplete tetanic force and tetany, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine for proliferation and apoptosis characteristics. Biomechanical force development showed a significant increase following ALM therapy for incomplete tetanic force and tetany on days 4 and 7. In addition, the histological evaluation showed a significant increase in proliferative BrdU-positive cells with ALM therapy on days 1 and 14. Ki67 histology also detected significantly more proliferative cells on days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 42 in ALM-treated animals. Furthermore, a simultaneous decrease in the number of apoptotic cells was observed using the TUNEL method. ALM solution showed significant superiority in biomechanical force development and also a significant positive effect on cell proliferation in traumatized skeletal muscle tissue and reduced apoptosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/6/870muscle regenerationapoptosisALM solutionmuscle crush injurymuscle contraction forceproliferation |
| spellingShingle | Nina Sarah Hoeger Thomas Mittlmeier Brigitte Vollmar Ioannis Stratos Geoffrey P. Dobson Robert Rotter ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Biology muscle regeneration apoptosis ALM solution muscle crush injury muscle contraction force proliferation |
| title | ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle |
| title_full | ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle |
| title_fullStr | ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle |
| title_full_unstemmed | ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle |
| title_short | ALM Therapy Promotes Functional and Histologic Regeneration of Traumatized Peripheral Skeletal Muscle |
| title_sort | alm therapy promotes functional and histologic regeneration of traumatized peripheral skeletal muscle |
| topic | muscle regeneration apoptosis ALM solution muscle crush injury muscle contraction force proliferation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/6/870 |
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