An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil
Bio-oil is one of the potential resources to address the sustainable energy development and environmental issues. Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process is one of the popular techniques that is used to extract bio-oil from biomass. In this paper, the bio-oil has been extracted f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Deer Hill Publications
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture |
| Online Access: | http://deerhillpublishing.com/index.php/ijemm/article/view/248 |
| _version_ | 1797844091605614592 |
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| author | Abu Saleh Hasanuzzaman M. Cassidy H. Dayang S. H. Shahril M. |
| author_facet | Abu Saleh Hasanuzzaman M. Cassidy H. Dayang S. H. Shahril M. |
| author_sort | Abu Saleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Bio-oil is one of the potential resources to address the sustainable energy development and environmental issues. Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process is one of the popular techniques that is used to extract bio-oil from biomass. In this paper, the bio-oil has been extracted from Palm Kernel Shells by using microwave-assisted and conventional heating pyrolysis processes. A modified heating mantle apparatus are used to conduct the experiment for extracting the bio-oil. The experiments are conducted by varying the hydrothermal temperature and time for both techniques to achieve the conversion of the bio-oil from the raw material. It is found that the yield of bio-oil for microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process at 350°C and 400°C are from 10.70 wt% to 25.60 wt% within hydrothermal time 6, 9 and 12 minutes. The pH value of the bio-oil is acidic with the range from 3 to 4. The calorific value of the bio-oil is varied from 24 to 26 MJ/kg for both conversion methods. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result reveals that multiple functional groups (alcohol, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and ketones) are present in the PKS bio-oil.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:17:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7f427d6837c454f911b20b1389d41ba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0128-1852 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:17:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Deer Hill Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7f427d6837c454f911b20b1389d41ba2023-04-19T17:10:46ZengDeer Hill PublicationsInternational Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture0128-18522023-04-018210.26776/ijemm.07.02.2023.02An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oilAbu Saleh0Hasanuzzaman M.1Cassidy H.2Dayang S. H.3Shahril M.4Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, MalaysiaUniversiti Malaya Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), 59990 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCentre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, MalaysiaCentre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, MalaysiaCentre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia Bio-oil is one of the potential resources to address the sustainable energy development and environmental issues. Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process is one of the popular techniques that is used to extract bio-oil from biomass. In this paper, the bio-oil has been extracted from Palm Kernel Shells by using microwave-assisted and conventional heating pyrolysis processes. A modified heating mantle apparatus are used to conduct the experiment for extracting the bio-oil. The experiments are conducted by varying the hydrothermal temperature and time for both techniques to achieve the conversion of the bio-oil from the raw material. It is found that the yield of bio-oil for microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process at 350°C and 400°C are from 10.70 wt% to 25.60 wt% within hydrothermal time 6, 9 and 12 minutes. The pH value of the bio-oil is acidic with the range from 3 to 4. The calorific value of the bio-oil is varied from 24 to 26 MJ/kg for both conversion methods. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) result reveals that multiple functional groups (alcohol, aldehydes, carboxylic acid and ketones) are present in the PKS bio-oil. http://deerhillpublishing.com/index.php/ijemm/article/view/248 |
| spellingShingle | Abu Saleh Hasanuzzaman M. Cassidy H. Dayang S. H. Shahril M. An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture |
| title | An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil |
| title_full | An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil |
| title_fullStr | An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil |
| title_short | An Exploration of Modified Microwave-assisted Rapid Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for Conversion of Palm Kernel Shells to Bio-oil |
| title_sort | exploration of modified microwave assisted rapid hydrothermal liquefaction process for conversion of palm kernel shells to bio oil |
| url | http://deerhillpublishing.com/index.php/ijemm/article/view/248 |
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