Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles
Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC encoded by pdc) is a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-containing enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in many mesophilic organisms. However, no pdc/PDC homolog has yet been found in fully sequenced genomes and proteomes of hyper/thermophiles. The...
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MDPI AG
2013-08-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/3/3/578 |
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| author | Mohammad S. Eram Kesen Ma |
| author_facet | Mohammad S. Eram Kesen Ma |
| author_sort | Mohammad S. Eram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC encoded by pdc) is a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-containing enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in many mesophilic organisms. However, no pdc/PDC homolog has yet been found in fully sequenced genomes and proteomes of hyper/thermophiles. The only PDC activity reported in hyperthermophiles was a bifunctional, TPP- and CoA-dependent pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR)/PDC enzyme from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Another enzyme known to be involved in catalysis of acetaldehyde production from pyruvate is CoA-acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AcDH encoded by mhpF and adhE). Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl-CoA by either POR or pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), and AcDH catalyzes the reduction of acetyl-CoA to acetaldehyde in mesophilic organisms. AcDH is present in some mesophilic (such as clostridia) and thermophilic bacteria (e.g., Geobacillus and Thermoanaerobacter). However, no AcDH gene or protein homologs could be found in the released genomes and proteomes of hyperthermophiles. Moreover, no such activity was detectable from the cell-free extracts of different hyperthermophiles under different assay conditions. In conclusion, no commonly-known PDCs was found in hyperthermophiles. Instead of the commonly-known PDC, it appears that at least one multifunctional enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the non-oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in hyperthermophiles. |
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| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T00:01:24Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f7f7c85aaf4b4f5e9a13aa0a2c3646f62022-12-21T23:26:20ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2013-08-013357859610.3390/biom3030578Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by HyperthermophilesMohammad S. EramKesen MaPyruvate decarboxylase (PDC encoded by pdc) is a thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-containing enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in many mesophilic organisms. However, no pdc/PDC homolog has yet been found in fully sequenced genomes and proteomes of hyper/thermophiles. The only PDC activity reported in hyperthermophiles was a bifunctional, TPP- and CoA-dependent pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (POR)/PDC enzyme from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Another enzyme known to be involved in catalysis of acetaldehyde production from pyruvate is CoA-acetylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AcDH encoded by mhpF and adhE). Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl-CoA by either POR or pyruvate formate lyase (PFL), and AcDH catalyzes the reduction of acetyl-CoA to acetaldehyde in mesophilic organisms. AcDH is present in some mesophilic (such as clostridia) and thermophilic bacteria (e.g., Geobacillus and Thermoanaerobacter). However, no AcDH gene or protein homologs could be found in the released genomes and proteomes of hyperthermophiles. Moreover, no such activity was detectable from the cell-free extracts of different hyperthermophiles under different assay conditions. In conclusion, no commonly-known PDCs was found in hyperthermophiles. Instead of the commonly-known PDC, it appears that at least one multifunctional enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the non-oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde in hyperthermophiles.http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/3/3/578pyruvate decarboxylasehyperthermophilesalcohol fermentationalcohol dehydrogenasepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductasepyruvateacetaldehydeethanol |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad S. Eram Kesen Ma Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles Biomolecules pyruvate decarboxylase hyperthermophiles alcohol fermentation alcohol dehydrogenase pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase pyruvate acetaldehyde ethanol |
| title | Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles |
| title_full | Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles |
| title_fullStr | Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles |
| title_short | Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetaldehyde for Ethanol Production by Hyperthermophiles |
| title_sort | decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde for ethanol production by hyperthermophiles |
| topic | pyruvate decarboxylase hyperthermophiles alcohol fermentation alcohol dehydrogenase pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase pyruvate acetaldehyde ethanol |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/3/3/578 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadseram decarboxylationofpyruvatetoacetaldehydeforethanolproductionbyhyperthermophiles AT kesenma decarboxylationofpyruvatetoacetaldehydeforethanolproductionbyhyperthermophiles |