Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, the motor symptoms of which are associated classically with Lewy body formation and nigrostriatal degeneration. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the progression of this disease, by which microglia become chronically activated in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/453 |
| _version_ | 1818290073109528576 |
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| author | Rachel Kelly Valerie Joers Malú G. Tansey Declan P. McKernan Eilís Dowd |
| author_facet | Rachel Kelly Valerie Joers Malú G. Tansey Declan P. McKernan Eilís Dowd |
| author_sort | Rachel Kelly |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, the motor symptoms of which are associated classically with Lewy body formation and nigrostriatal degeneration. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the progression of this disease, by which microglia become chronically activated in response to α-synuclein pathology and dying neurons, thereby acquiring dishomeostatic phenotypes that are cytotoxic and can cause further neuronal death. Microglia have a functional endocannabinoid signaling system, expressing the cannabinoid receptors in addition to being capable of synthesizing and degrading endocannabinoids. Alterations in the cannabinoid system—particularly an upregulation in the immunomodulatory CB<sub>2</sub> receptor—have been demonstrated to be related to the microglial activation state and hence the microglial phenotype. This paper will review studies that examine the relationship between the cannabinoid system and microglial activation, and how this association could be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in Parkinson’s disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T02:22:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f7fa885fa0cf49cebaf62ffd8cdb7531 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T02:22:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f7fa885fa0cf49cebaf62ffd8cdb75312022-12-22T00:02:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-01-0125345310.3390/molecules25030453molecules25030453Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s DiseaseRachel Kelly0Valerie Joers1Malú G. Tansey2Declan P. McKernan3Eilís Dowd4Pharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, IrelandDepartment of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAPharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, IrelandPharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, H91 W5P7 Galway, IrelandParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, the motor symptoms of which are associated classically with Lewy body formation and nigrostriatal degeneration. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the progression of this disease, by which microglia become chronically activated in response to α-synuclein pathology and dying neurons, thereby acquiring dishomeostatic phenotypes that are cytotoxic and can cause further neuronal death. Microglia have a functional endocannabinoid signaling system, expressing the cannabinoid receptors in addition to being capable of synthesizing and degrading endocannabinoids. Alterations in the cannabinoid system—particularly an upregulation in the immunomodulatory CB<sub>2</sub> receptor—have been demonstrated to be related to the microglial activation state and hence the microglial phenotype. This paper will review studies that examine the relationship between the cannabinoid system and microglial activation, and how this association could be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in Parkinson’s disease.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/453neuroinflammationmicrogliaphenotypescannabinoidsneurodegenerationparkinson’s |
| spellingShingle | Rachel Kelly Valerie Joers Malú G. Tansey Declan P. McKernan Eilís Dowd Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Molecules neuroinflammation microglia phenotypes cannabinoids neurodegeneration parkinson’s |
| title | Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Microglial Phenotypes and Their Relationship to the Cannabinoid System: Therapeutic Implications for Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | microglial phenotypes and their relationship to the cannabinoid system therapeutic implications for parkinson s disease |
| topic | neuroinflammation microglia phenotypes cannabinoids neurodegeneration parkinson’s |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/453 |
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