Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production
Kajmak is a unique dairy product with a long tradition in Balkan countries and the Middle East. Kajmak skin layers are formed during 60 minutes of kajmak production, influencing the quality and determining the structure of the final product. The influence of milk composition and heat treatments (75-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Croatian Dairy Union
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Mljekarstvo |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/347306 |
| _version_ | 1797207248326361088 |
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| author | Mira Radovanovic Aleksandar Nedeljkovic Jelena Miocinovic Vladimir Pavlovic Predrag Pudja |
| author_facet | Mira Radovanovic Aleksandar Nedeljkovic Jelena Miocinovic Vladimir Pavlovic Predrag Pudja |
| author_sort | Mira Radovanovic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kajmak is a unique dairy product with a long tradition in Balkan countries and the Middle East. Kajmak skin layers are formed during 60 minutes of kajmak production, influencing the quality and determining the structure of the final product. The influence of milk composition and heat treatments (75-95 °C/5min) on the composition, microstructure and protein distribution of kajmak skin layers was investigated in this study. Microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the distribution of protein fractions was studied by SDS PAGE in reducing and non-reducing conditions. Kajmak skin layers obtained from milk treated at common intense heat regime were characterized with β-LG and α-LA mainly as disulfide-linked complexes, while lower temperature (75 °C) caused the presence of whey proteins in dominantly individual form. More severe treatments (85 °C, 90 °C and 95 °C) caused the full involvement of β-LG in the complexes, since a certain amount of α-LA was found as a monomer. The kajmak skin layer composition, severity of the applied milk heat treatment and the linked whey proteins exhibited a very strong influence on kajmak skin layer microstructure. The microstructure of kajmak skin layer with a low fat content and fat/protein (F/P) ratio was characterized by a compact structure with a dense protein matrix. High fat content and F/P ratio resulted in a dispersive form of the stretched protein network. Kajmak skin layers produced from milk with added whey proteins were characterized by fibrous, thread-like segments, due to the incorporated denatured whey proteins, especially linked β-LG.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:19:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f803283e5325431d9e510a2223801e93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0026-704X 1846-4025 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T09:19:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Croatian Dairy Union |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mljekarstvo |
| spelling | doaj.art-f803283e5325431d9e510a2223801e932024-04-15T16:15:25ZengCroatian Dairy UnionMljekarstvo0026-704X1846-40252020-01-0170315016110.15567/mljekarstvo.2020.0302Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak productionMira Radovanovic0Aleksandar Nedeljkovic1Jelena Miocinovic2Vladimir Pavlovic3Predrag Pudja4University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Source Food Technology, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, SerbiaKajmak is a unique dairy product with a long tradition in Balkan countries and the Middle East. Kajmak skin layers are formed during 60 minutes of kajmak production, influencing the quality and determining the structure of the final product. The influence of milk composition and heat treatments (75-95 °C/5min) on the composition, microstructure and protein distribution of kajmak skin layers was investigated in this study. Microstructure was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the distribution of protein fractions was studied by SDS PAGE in reducing and non-reducing conditions. Kajmak skin layers obtained from milk treated at common intense heat regime were characterized with β-LG and α-LA mainly as disulfide-linked complexes, while lower temperature (75 °C) caused the presence of whey proteins in dominantly individual form. More severe treatments (85 °C, 90 °C and 95 °C) caused the full involvement of β-LG in the complexes, since a certain amount of α-LA was found as a monomer. The kajmak skin layer composition, severity of the applied milk heat treatment and the linked whey proteins exhibited a very strong influence on kajmak skin layer microstructure. The microstructure of kajmak skin layer with a low fat content and fat/protein (F/P) ratio was characterized by a compact structure with a dense protein matrix. High fat content and F/P ratio resulted in a dispersive form of the stretched protein network. Kajmak skin layers produced from milk with added whey proteins were characterized by fibrous, thread-like segments, due to the incorporated denatured whey proteins, especially linked β-LG. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/347306microstructurekajmakkajmak skin layermilk fatmilk proteins |
| spellingShingle | Mira Radovanovic Aleksandar Nedeljkovic Jelena Miocinovic Vladimir Pavlovic Predrag Pudja Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production Mljekarstvo microstructure kajmak kajmak skin layer milk fat milk proteins |
| title | Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production |
| title_full | Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production |
| title_short | Microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production |
| title_sort | microstructure of kajmak skin layer made during kajmak production |
| topic | microstructure kajmak kajmak skin layer milk fat milk proteins |
| url | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/347306 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT miraradovanovic microstructureofkajmakskinlayermadeduringkajmakproduction AT aleksandarnedeljkovic microstructureofkajmakskinlayermadeduringkajmakproduction AT jelenamiocinovic microstructureofkajmakskinlayermadeduringkajmakproduction AT vladimirpavlovic microstructureofkajmakskinlayermadeduringkajmakproduction AT predragpudja microstructureofkajmakskinlayermadeduringkajmakproduction |