<i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China
<i>Celtis julianae</i> Schneid. is widely planted as a versatile tree species with ecological and economic significance. In September 2022, a leaf blotch disease of <i>C. julianae</i> was observed in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, with an infection incidence of 63%. The disease led...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/17/3113 |
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| author | Yang-Chun-Zi Liao Yi-Jia Cao Yu Wan Hui Li De-Wei Li Li-Hua Zhu |
| author_facet | Yang-Chun-Zi Liao Yi-Jia Cao Yu Wan Hui Li De-Wei Li Li-Hua Zhu |
| author_sort | Yang-Chun-Zi Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Celtis julianae</i> Schneid. is widely planted as a versatile tree species with ecological and economic significance. In September 2022, a leaf blotch disease of <i>C. julianae</i> was observed in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, with an infection incidence of 63%. The disease led to severe early defoliation, significantly affecting the ornamental and ecological value of the host tree. The accurate identification of pathogens is imperative to conducting further research and advancing disease control. Koch’s postulates confirmed that the fungal isolates (B1–B9) were pathogenic to <i>C. julianae</i>. The morphology of the characteristics of the pathogen matched those of <i>Alternaria</i> spp. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit (<i>LSU</i>) and small subunit (<i>SSU</i>) regions of rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH</i>), <i>Alternaria</i> major allergen gene (<i>Alt a 1</i>), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (<i>RPB2</i>), and portions of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>TEF1-α</i>) genes were sequenced. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphology, the pathogenic fungi were identified as <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i>. The findings provided useful information for disease management and enhanced the understanding of <i>Alternaria</i> species diversity in China. This is the first report of <i>A. arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> causing leaf blotch of <i>C. julianae</i> in China and worldwide. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:15:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8079c70945f477b86cfbe440a7c0b1f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:15:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8079c70945f477b86cfbe440a7c0b1f2023-11-19T08:41:30ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-08-011217311310.3390/plants12173113<i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in ChinaYang-Chun-Zi Liao0Yi-Jia Cao1Yu Wan2Hui Li3De-Wei Li4Li-Hua Zhu5College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaThe Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, USACollege of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China<i>Celtis julianae</i> Schneid. is widely planted as a versatile tree species with ecological and economic significance. In September 2022, a leaf blotch disease of <i>C. julianae</i> was observed in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, with an infection incidence of 63%. The disease led to severe early defoliation, significantly affecting the ornamental and ecological value of the host tree. The accurate identification of pathogens is imperative to conducting further research and advancing disease control. Koch’s postulates confirmed that the fungal isolates (B1–B9) were pathogenic to <i>C. julianae</i>. The morphology of the characteristics of the pathogen matched those of <i>Alternaria</i> spp. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit (<i>LSU</i>) and small subunit (<i>SSU</i>) regions of rRNA, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>GAPDH</i>), <i>Alternaria</i> major allergen gene (<i>Alt a 1</i>), RNA polymerase second largest subunit (<i>RPB2</i>), and portions of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>TEF1-α</i>) genes were sequenced. Based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphology, the pathogenic fungi were identified as <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i>. The findings provided useful information for disease management and enhanced the understanding of <i>Alternaria</i> species diversity in China. This is the first report of <i>A. arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> causing leaf blotch of <i>C. julianae</i> in China and worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/17/3113<i>Celtis julianae</i><i>Alternaria</i>multi-locus phylogenynew diseaseidentification |
| spellingShingle | Yang-Chun-Zi Liao Yi-Jia Cao Yu Wan Hui Li De-Wei Li Li-Hua Zhu <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China Plants <i>Celtis julianae</i> <i>Alternaria</i> multi-locus phylogeny new disease identification |
| title | <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China |
| title_full | <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China |
| title_fullStr | <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China |
| title_short | <i>Alternaria arborescens</i> and <i>A. italica</i> Causing Leaf Blotch on <i>Celtis julianae</i> in China |
| title_sort | i alternaria arborescens i and i a italica i causing leaf blotch on i celtis julianae i in china |
| topic | <i>Celtis julianae</i> <i>Alternaria</i> multi-locus phylogeny new disease identification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/17/3113 |
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