Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon
Throughout embryonic development and into postnatal life, regionally distinct populations of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) collectively generate the many different types of neurons that underlie the complex structure and function of the adult mammalian brain. At very early stages of telencephalic d...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00373/full |
| _version_ | 1818213336601329664 |
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| author | Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Daniel A. Lim Daniel A. Lim Daniel A. Lim |
| author_facet | Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Daniel A. Lim Daniel A. Lim Daniel A. Lim |
| author_sort | Ryan N. Delgado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Throughout embryonic development and into postnatal life, regionally distinct populations of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) collectively generate the many different types of neurons that underlie the complex structure and function of the adult mammalian brain. At very early stages of telencephalic development, NPCs become organized into regional domains that each produce different subsets of neurons. This positional identity of NPCs relates to the regional expression of specific, fate-determining homeodomain transcription factors. As development progresses, the brain undergoes vast changes in both size and shape, yet important aspects of NPC positional identity persist even into the postnatal brain. How can NPC positional identity, which is established so early in brain development, endure the many dynamic, large-scale and complex changes that occur over a relatively long period of time? In this Perspective article, we review data and concepts derived from studies in Drosophila regarding the function of homeobox (Hox) genes, Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) chromatin regulators. We then discuss how this knowledge may contribute to our understanding of the maintenance of positional identity of NPCs in the mammalian telencephalon. Similar to the axial body plan of Drosophila larvae, there is a segmental nature to NPC positional identity, with loss of specific homeodomain transcription factors causing homeotic-like shifts in brain development. Finally, we speculate about the role of mammalian PcG and trxG factors in the long-term maintenance of NPC positional identity and certain neurodevelopmental disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:02:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f810819967cc4574a9b3857180d3f7a3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5099 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T06:02:40Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-f810819967cc4574a9b3857180d3f7a32022-12-22T00:35:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience1662-50992017-11-011010.3389/fnmol.2017.00373301211Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal TelencephalonRyan N. Delgado0Ryan N. Delgado1Ryan N. Delgado2Ryan N. Delgado3Daniel A. Lim4Daniel A. Lim5Daniel A. Lim6Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesBiomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesMedical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesSan Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA,, United StatesThroughout embryonic development and into postnatal life, regionally distinct populations of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) collectively generate the many different types of neurons that underlie the complex structure and function of the adult mammalian brain. At very early stages of telencephalic development, NPCs become organized into regional domains that each produce different subsets of neurons. This positional identity of NPCs relates to the regional expression of specific, fate-determining homeodomain transcription factors. As development progresses, the brain undergoes vast changes in both size and shape, yet important aspects of NPC positional identity persist even into the postnatal brain. How can NPC positional identity, which is established so early in brain development, endure the many dynamic, large-scale and complex changes that occur over a relatively long period of time? In this Perspective article, we review data and concepts derived from studies in Drosophila regarding the function of homeobox (Hox) genes, Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) chromatin regulators. We then discuss how this knowledge may contribute to our understanding of the maintenance of positional identity of NPCs in the mammalian telencephalon. Similar to the axial body plan of Drosophila larvae, there is a segmental nature to NPC positional identity, with loss of specific homeodomain transcription factors causing homeotic-like shifts in brain development. Finally, we speculate about the role of mammalian PcG and trxG factors in the long-term maintenance of NPC positional identity and certain neurodevelopmental disorders.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00373/fullpositional identityneural developmentchromatin regulatortrithoraxpolycombEZH2 |
| spellingShingle | Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Ryan N. Delgado Daniel A. Lim Daniel A. Lim Daniel A. Lim Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience positional identity neural development chromatin regulator trithorax polycomb EZH2 |
| title | Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon |
| title_full | Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon |
| title_fullStr | Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon |
| title_short | Maintenance of Positional Identity of Neural Progenitors in the Embryonic and Postnatal Telencephalon |
| title_sort | maintenance of positional identity of neural progenitors in the embryonic and postnatal telencephalon |
| topic | positional identity neural development chromatin regulator trithorax polycomb EZH2 |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00373/full |
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