Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model
Although numerous reports using methods such as molecular dynamics, cellular automata, and artificial chemistry have clarified the process connecting non-life and life on protocell simulations, none of the models could simultaneously explain the emergence of cell shape, continuous self-replication,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1580 |
| _version_ | 1797407010869739520 |
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| author | Takeshi Ishida |
| author_facet | Takeshi Ishida |
| author_sort | Takeshi Ishida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although numerous reports using methods such as molecular dynamics, cellular automata, and artificial chemistry have clarified the process connecting non-life and life on protocell simulations, none of the models could simultaneously explain the emergence of cell shape, continuous self-replication, and replication control solely from molecular reactions and diffusion. Herein, we developed a model to generate all three conditions, except evolution ability, from hypothetical chains of chemical and molecular polymerization reactions. The present model considers a 2D lattice cell space, where virtual molecules are placed in each cell, and molecular reactions in each cell are based on a multiset rewriting rule, indicating stochastic transition of molecular species. The reaction paths of virtual molecules were implemented by replacing the rules of cellular automata that generate Turing patterns with molecular reactions. The emergence of a cell-like form with all three conditions except evolution ability was modeled and demonstrated using only molecular diffusion, reaction, and polymerization for modeling the chemical reactions of 15 types of molecules and 2 types of polymerized molecules. Furthermore, controlling self-replication is possible by changing the initial arrangement of a specific molecule. In summary, the present model is capable of investigating and refining existing hypotheses on the emergence of life. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:35:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f81da854d55f48a5a551c96ef9f458e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:35:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-f81da854d55f48a5a551c96ef9f458e02023-12-03T14:50:11ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-10-011210158010.3390/life12101580Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical ModelTakeshi Ishida0Department of Ocean Mechanical Engineering, National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki 759-6595, JapanAlthough numerous reports using methods such as molecular dynamics, cellular automata, and artificial chemistry have clarified the process connecting non-life and life on protocell simulations, none of the models could simultaneously explain the emergence of cell shape, continuous self-replication, and replication control solely from molecular reactions and diffusion. Herein, we developed a model to generate all three conditions, except evolution ability, from hypothetical chains of chemical and molecular polymerization reactions. The present model considers a 2D lattice cell space, where virtual molecules are placed in each cell, and molecular reactions in each cell are based on a multiset rewriting rule, indicating stochastic transition of molecular species. The reaction paths of virtual molecules were implemented by replacing the rules of cellular automata that generate Turing patterns with molecular reactions. The emergence of a cell-like form with all three conditions except evolution ability was modeled and demonstrated using only molecular diffusion, reaction, and polymerization for modeling the chemical reactions of 15 types of molecules and 2 types of polymerized molecules. Furthermore, controlling self-replication is possible by changing the initial arrangement of a specific molecule. In summary, the present model is capable of investigating and refining existing hypotheses on the emergence of life.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1580origin of lifeartificial lifeartificial chemistrymultiset modelprotocellentropy |
| spellingShingle | Takeshi Ishida Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model Life origin of life artificial life artificial chemistry multiset model protocell entropy |
| title | Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model |
| title_full | Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model |
| title_fullStr | Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model |
| title_short | Emergence Simulation of Biological Cell-like Shapes Satisfying the Conditions of Life Using a Lattice-Type Multiset Chemical Model |
| title_sort | emergence simulation of biological cell like shapes satisfying the conditions of life using a lattice type multiset chemical model |
| topic | origin of life artificial life artificial chemistry multiset model protocell entropy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/10/1580 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT takeshiishida emergencesimulationofbiologicalcelllikeshapessatisfyingtheconditionsoflifeusingalatticetypemultisetchemicalmodel |