Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques
Modeling the perception and evaluation of landscapes from the human perspective is a desirable goal for several scientific domains and applications. Human vision is the dominant sense, and human eyes are the sensors for apperceiving the environmental stimuli of our surroundings. Therefore, exploring...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8135 |
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| author | Loukas-Moysis Misthos Vassilios Krassanakis Nikolaos Merlemis Anastasios L. Kesidis |
| author_facet | Loukas-Moysis Misthos Vassilios Krassanakis Nikolaos Merlemis Anastasios L. Kesidis |
| author_sort | Loukas-Moysis Misthos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Modeling the perception and evaluation of landscapes from the human perspective is a desirable goal for several scientific domains and applications. Human vision is the dominant sense, and human eyes are the sensors for apperceiving the environmental stimuli of our surroundings. Therefore, exploring the experimental recording and measurement of the visual landscape can reveal crucial aspects about human visual perception responses while viewing the natural or man-made landscapes. Landscape evaluation (or assessment) is another dimension that refers mainly to preferences of the visual landscape, involving human cognition as well, in ways that are often unpredictable. Yet, landscape can be approached by both egocentric (i.e., human view) and exocentric (i.e., bird’s eye view) perspectives. The overarching approach of this review article lies in systematically presenting the different ways for modeling and quantifying the two ‘modalities’ of human perception and evaluation, under the two geometric perspectives, suggesting integrative approaches on these two ‘diverging’ dualities. To this end, several pertinent traditions/approaches, sensor-based experimental methods and techniques (e.g., eye tracking, fMRI, and EEG), and metrics are adduced and described. Essentially, this review article acts as a ‘guide-map’ for the delineation of the different activities related to landscape experience and/or management and to the valid or potentially suitable types of stimuli, sensors techniques, and metrics for each activity. Throughout our work, two main research directions are identified: (1) one that attempts to transfer the visual landscape experience/management from the one perspective to the other (and vice versa); (2) another one that aims to anticipate the visual perception of different landscapes and establish connections between perceptual processes and landscape preferences. As it appears, the research in the field is rapidly growing. In our opinion, it can be greatly advanced and enriched using integrative, interdisciplinary approaches in order to better understand the concepts and the mechanisms by which the visual landscape, as a complex set of stimuli, influences visual perception, potentially leading to more elaborate outcomes such as the anticipation of landscape preferences. As an effect, such approaches can support a rigorous, evidence-based, and socially just framework towards landscape management, protection, and decision making, based on a wide spectrum of well-suited and advanced sensor-based technologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:36:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f82b5f20fd5b47bf8a4e932bcf09a7fb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:36:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f82b5f20fd5b47bf8a4e932bcf09a7fb2023-11-19T15:03:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-09-012319813510.3390/s23198135Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and TechniquesLoukas-Moysis Misthos0Vassilios Krassanakis1Nikolaos Merlemis2Anastasios L. Kesidis3Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, GR-12243 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, GR-12243 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, GR-12243 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, GR-12243 Athens, GreeceModeling the perception and evaluation of landscapes from the human perspective is a desirable goal for several scientific domains and applications. Human vision is the dominant sense, and human eyes are the sensors for apperceiving the environmental stimuli of our surroundings. Therefore, exploring the experimental recording and measurement of the visual landscape can reveal crucial aspects about human visual perception responses while viewing the natural or man-made landscapes. Landscape evaluation (or assessment) is another dimension that refers mainly to preferences of the visual landscape, involving human cognition as well, in ways that are often unpredictable. Yet, landscape can be approached by both egocentric (i.e., human view) and exocentric (i.e., bird’s eye view) perspectives. The overarching approach of this review article lies in systematically presenting the different ways for modeling and quantifying the two ‘modalities’ of human perception and evaluation, under the two geometric perspectives, suggesting integrative approaches on these two ‘diverging’ dualities. To this end, several pertinent traditions/approaches, sensor-based experimental methods and techniques (e.g., eye tracking, fMRI, and EEG), and metrics are adduced and described. Essentially, this review article acts as a ‘guide-map’ for the delineation of the different activities related to landscape experience and/or management and to the valid or potentially suitable types of stimuli, sensors techniques, and metrics for each activity. Throughout our work, two main research directions are identified: (1) one that attempts to transfer the visual landscape experience/management from the one perspective to the other (and vice versa); (2) another one that aims to anticipate the visual perception of different landscapes and establish connections between perceptual processes and landscape preferences. As it appears, the research in the field is rapidly growing. In our opinion, it can be greatly advanced and enriched using integrative, interdisciplinary approaches in order to better understand the concepts and the mechanisms by which the visual landscape, as a complex set of stimuli, influences visual perception, potentially leading to more elaborate outcomes such as the anticipation of landscape preferences. As an effect, such approaches can support a rigorous, evidence-based, and socially just framework towards landscape management, protection, and decision making, based on a wide spectrum of well-suited and advanced sensor-based technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8135landscape perceptionlandscape evaluationlandscape characterizationegocentric/exocentric landscape perspectivessensor-based experimental techniqueseye tracking |
| spellingShingle | Loukas-Moysis Misthos Vassilios Krassanakis Nikolaos Merlemis Anastasios L. Kesidis Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques Sensors landscape perception landscape evaluation landscape characterization egocentric/exocentric landscape perspectives sensor-based experimental techniques eye tracking |
| title | Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques |
| title_full | Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques |
| title_short | Modeling the Visual Landscape: A Review on Approaches, Methods and Techniques |
| title_sort | modeling the visual landscape a review on approaches methods and techniques |
| topic | landscape perception landscape evaluation landscape characterization egocentric/exocentric landscape perspectives sensor-based experimental techniques eye tracking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8135 |
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