Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review
Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiosis between the host and oral microbiota, which can compromise the host’s immune defenses and lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Despite the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/663 |
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| author | Andrea Butera Elisa Folini Saverio Cosola Gianluca Russo Andrea Scribante Simone Gallo Giulia Stablum Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris Ugo Covani Annamaria Genovesi |
| author_facet | Andrea Butera Elisa Folini Saverio Cosola Gianluca Russo Andrea Scribante Simone Gallo Giulia Stablum Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris Ugo Covani Annamaria Genovesi |
| author_sort | Andrea Butera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiosis between the host and oral microbiota, which can compromise the host’s immune defenses and lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Despite the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) as the gold standard of periodontal treatment, its application can produce lower results due to anatomical and microbiological limitations. This systematic literature review was performed to assess the long-term efficacy of the effects of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT compared to the control groups with follow-up of clinical, microbiological and immunological outcomes. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted, considering manuscripts published from November 2016 to February 2022. The research question was formulated following the population, intervention, comparison and outcome strategies. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the periodontal efficacy of domiciliary probiotic therapy in an adjunct to the mechanical therapy were included. Results: Regarding clinical outcomes, there is a reduction in periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachments level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) for the test groups compared to the control groups in a short-term period. No differences were generally observed in the following indices over a period of more than 3 months for most studies considered. Conclusions: Weak evidence suggests that the use of probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy treatment may be able to show improvements in periodontal clinical parameters for up to 3 months. However, a significant and large heterogeneity of studies, along with the absence of long-term microbiological and immunological data, preclude any definitive conclusions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:07:25Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-f82b801ea5cd4853a0f2d11c455f226b2023-11-16T15:00:14ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-0113166310.3390/app13010663Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature ReviewAndrea Butera0Elisa Folini1Saverio Cosola2Gianluca Russo3Andrea Scribante4Simone Gallo5Giulia Stablum6Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris7Ugo Covani8Annamaria Genovesi9Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, 55041 Camaiore, ItalyDepartment of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, 55041 Camaiore, ItalyDepartment of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, 55041 Camaiore, ItalyUnit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyUnit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, 55041 Camaiore, ItalyDepartment of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, 55041 Camaiore, ItalyDepartment of Stomatology, Tuscan Stomatologic Institute, Foundation for Dental Clinic, Research and Continuing Education, 55041 Camaiore, ItalyIntroduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiosis between the host and oral microbiota, which can compromise the host’s immune defenses and lead to the destruction of periodontal tissues. Despite the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) as the gold standard of periodontal treatment, its application can produce lower results due to anatomical and microbiological limitations. This systematic literature review was performed to assess the long-term efficacy of the effects of probiotics as an adjunct to NSPT compared to the control groups with follow-up of clinical, microbiological and immunological outcomes. Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted, considering manuscripts published from November 2016 to February 2022. The research question was formulated following the population, intervention, comparison and outcome strategies. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the periodontal efficacy of domiciliary probiotic therapy in an adjunct to the mechanical therapy were included. Results: Regarding clinical outcomes, there is a reduction in periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachments level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI) for the test groups compared to the control groups in a short-term period. No differences were generally observed in the following indices over a period of more than 3 months for most studies considered. Conclusions: Weak evidence suggests that the use of probiotics as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy treatment may be able to show improvements in periodontal clinical parameters for up to 3 months. However, a significant and large heterogeneity of studies, along with the absence of long-term microbiological and immunological data, preclude any definitive conclusions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/663periodontal diseasenon-surgical periodontal therapyprobioticslactobacillusoral microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Butera Elisa Folini Saverio Cosola Gianluca Russo Andrea Scribante Simone Gallo Giulia Stablum Giovanni Battista Menchini Fabris Ugo Covani Annamaria Genovesi Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review Applied Sciences periodontal disease non-surgical periodontal therapy probiotics lactobacillus oral microbiota |
| title | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Efficacy of Probiotics Domiciliary Protocols for the Management of Periodontal Disease, in Adjunction of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT): A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_sort | evaluation of the efficacy of probiotics domiciliary protocols for the management of periodontal disease in adjunction of non surgical periodontal therapy nspt a systematic literature review |
| topic | periodontal disease non-surgical periodontal therapy probiotics lactobacillus oral microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/663 |
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