Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium
Every petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6851 |
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| author | Ismail Marzuki Ruzkiah Asaf Mudian Paena Admi Athirah Khairun Nisaa Rasheed Ahmad Mudyawati Kamaruddin |
| author_facet | Ismail Marzuki Ruzkiah Asaf Mudian Paena Admi Athirah Khairun Nisaa Rasheed Ahmad Mudyawati Kamaruddin |
| author_sort | Ismail Marzuki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Every petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative and promising approach in the degradation of and reduction in PAHs. This study aimed to explore the potential performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. Three bacterial species (<i>Bacillus pumilus</i> strain GLB197, <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> strain SLG510A3-8, and <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form the consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5 day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAH samples was determined on the basis of five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3:1, followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), equivalent to a ratio of 2:1. The level of pyrene degradation was lower than that of the anthracene due to fact that pyrene is more toxic and has a more stable molecular structure, which hinders its metabolism by bacterial cells. The products from the biodegradation of the two PAHs are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:14:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f84b91368fd244318b9a852d53ef5299 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:14:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f84b91368fd244318b9a852d53ef52992023-11-23T00:34:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012622685110.3390/molecules26226851Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria ConsortiumIsmail Marzuki0Ruzkiah Asaf1Mudian Paena2Admi Athirah3Khairun Nisaa4Rasheed Ahmad5Mudyawati Kamaruddin6Department of Chemical Engineering, Fajar University, Makassar 90231, IndonesiaResearch Center for Brackish Aquaculture Fisheries and Extension Fisheries, Maros 90512, IndonesiaResearch Center for Brackish Aquaculture Fisheries and Extension Fisheries, Maros 90512, IndonesiaResearch Center for Brackish Aquaculture Fisheries and Extension Fisheries, Maros 90512, IndonesiaFishery Faculty, Cokroaminoto University of Makassar, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartement of Chemistry, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, IndonesiaPostgraduate Program, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Muhammadiyah Semarang University, Semarang 50273, IndonesiaEvery petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative and promising approach in the degradation of and reduction in PAHs. This study aimed to explore the potential performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. Three bacterial species (<i>Bacillus pumilus</i> strain GLB197, <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> strain SLG510A3-8, and <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form the consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5 day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAH samples was determined on the basis of five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3:1, followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), equivalent to a ratio of 2:1. The level of pyrene degradation was lower than that of the anthracene due to fact that pyrene is more toxic and has a more stable molecular structure, which hinders its metabolism by bacterial cells. The products from the biodegradation of the two PAHs are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6851performancebiodegradationbacterial consortiummarine spongePAHs |
| spellingShingle | Ismail Marzuki Ruzkiah Asaf Mudian Paena Admi Athirah Khairun Nisaa Rasheed Ahmad Mudyawati Kamaruddin Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium Molecules performance biodegradation bacterial consortium marine sponge PAHs |
| title | Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium |
| title_full | Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium |
| title_fullStr | Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium |
| title_short | Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium |
| title_sort | anthracene and pyrene biodegradation performance of marine sponge symbiont bacteria consortium |
| topic | performance biodegradation bacterial consortium marine sponge PAHs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/6851 |
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