Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso
Abstract Background Malaria vector control relies upon the use of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. However, as the emergency of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors grows, the effectiveness of these measures could be limited. Alternative tools are needed. In this context,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03755-6 |
| _version_ | 1819081910348939264 |
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| author | Alphonse Traoré Gérard Niyondiko Antoine Sanou Franck Langevin N’Falé Sagnon Adama Gansané Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo |
| author_facet | Alphonse Traoré Gérard Niyondiko Antoine Sanou Franck Langevin N’Falé Sagnon Adama Gansané Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo |
| author_sort | Alphonse Traoré |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Malaria vector control relies upon the use of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. However, as the emergency of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors grows, the effectiveness of these measures could be limited. Alternative tools are needed. In this context, repellents can play an important role against exophagic and exophilic mosquitoes. This study evaluated the efficacy of MAÏA®, a novel repellent ointment, in laboratory and field conditions in Burkina Faso. Methods For laboratory and field assessment, 20 volunteers were enrolled and trained for nocturnal collection of mosquitoes using human landing catches (HLC). In the laboratory tests, 2 mg/sq cm of treatment (either MAIA® or 20 % DEET) were used to assess median complete protection time (CPT) against two species: Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti, following WHO guidelines. For both species, two strains consisting of susceptible and local strains were used. The susceptible strains were Kisumu and Bora Bora for An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, respectively. For the field test, the median CPT of MAÏA® was compared to that of a negative (70 % ethanol) and positive (20 % DEET) after carrying out HLCs in rural Burkina Faso in both indoor and outdoor settings. Results Laboratory tests showed median Kaplan-Meier CPT of 6 h 30 min for An. gambiae (Kisumu), 5 h 30 min for An. gambiae (Goden, local strain), and 4 h for Ae. aegypti for both the local and sensitive strain. These laboratory results suggest that MAÏA® is a good repellent against the three mosquito species. During these field tests, a total of 3979 mosquitoes were caught. In this population, anophelines represented 98.5 %, with culicines (Aedes) making up the remaining 1.5 %. Among anopheline mosquitoes, 95 % belonged to the An. gambiae complex, followed by Anopheles funestus and Anopheles pharoensis. The median CPT of 20 % DEET and MAÏA® were similar (8 h) and much longer than that of the negative control (2 h). Conclusions Results from the present studies showed that MAÏA® offers high protection against anophelines biting indoors and outdoors and could play an important role in malaria prevention in Africa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:08:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8763bda34d44444a473fe9e9c036f41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:08:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8763bda34d44444a473fe9e9c036f412022-12-21T18:51:48ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752021-05-0120111010.1186/s12936-021-03755-6Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina FasoAlphonse Traoré0Gérard NiyondikoAntoine Sanou1Franck LangevinN’Falé Sagnon2Adama Gansané3Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo4Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeCentre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeCentre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeCentre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeCentre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le PaludismeAbstract Background Malaria vector control relies upon the use of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. However, as the emergency of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors grows, the effectiveness of these measures could be limited. Alternative tools are needed. In this context, repellents can play an important role against exophagic and exophilic mosquitoes. This study evaluated the efficacy of MAÏA®, a novel repellent ointment, in laboratory and field conditions in Burkina Faso. Methods For laboratory and field assessment, 20 volunteers were enrolled and trained for nocturnal collection of mosquitoes using human landing catches (HLC). In the laboratory tests, 2 mg/sq cm of treatment (either MAIA® or 20 % DEET) were used to assess median complete protection time (CPT) against two species: Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti, following WHO guidelines. For both species, two strains consisting of susceptible and local strains were used. The susceptible strains were Kisumu and Bora Bora for An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, respectively. For the field test, the median CPT of MAÏA® was compared to that of a negative (70 % ethanol) and positive (20 % DEET) after carrying out HLCs in rural Burkina Faso in both indoor and outdoor settings. Results Laboratory tests showed median Kaplan-Meier CPT of 6 h 30 min for An. gambiae (Kisumu), 5 h 30 min for An. gambiae (Goden, local strain), and 4 h for Ae. aegypti for both the local and sensitive strain. These laboratory results suggest that MAÏA® is a good repellent against the three mosquito species. During these field tests, a total of 3979 mosquitoes were caught. In this population, anophelines represented 98.5 %, with culicines (Aedes) making up the remaining 1.5 %. Among anopheline mosquitoes, 95 % belonged to the An. gambiae complex, followed by Anopheles funestus and Anopheles pharoensis. The median CPT of 20 % DEET and MAÏA® were similar (8 h) and much longer than that of the negative control (2 h). Conclusions Results from the present studies showed that MAÏA® offers high protection against anophelines biting indoors and outdoors and could play an important role in malaria prevention in Africa.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03755-6MalariaMosquitoAnopheles gambiaeAedes aegyptiRepellentMAÏA® |
| spellingShingle | Alphonse Traoré Gérard Niyondiko Antoine Sanou Franck Langevin N’Falé Sagnon Adama Gansané Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso Malaria Journal Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae Aedes aegypti Repellent MAÏA® |
| title | Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso |
| title_full | Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso |
| title_fullStr | Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso |
| title_short | Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso |
| title_sort | laboratory and field evaluation of maia r an ointment containing n n diethyl 3 methylbenzamide deet against mosquitoes in burkina faso |
| topic | Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae Aedes aegypti Repellent MAÏA® |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03755-6 |
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