Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia
Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) are fungi-produced toxins found in crops like peanuts, maize, and tree nuts. They constitute a public health concern due to their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. A deterministic exposure risk assessment to AFB1 through the consumption of peanuts was conducted on children usi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/1/50 |
| _version_ | 1797342486851485696 |
|---|---|
| author | Grace Musawa Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi Chisoni Mumba Branly Kilola Mbunga Gladys Phiri Vistorina Benhard Henson Kainga Mkuzi Banda Enock Ndaki Ethel Mkandawire John Bwalya Muma |
| author_facet | Grace Musawa Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi Chisoni Mumba Branly Kilola Mbunga Gladys Phiri Vistorina Benhard Henson Kainga Mkuzi Banda Enock Ndaki Ethel Mkandawire John Bwalya Muma |
| author_sort | Grace Musawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) are fungi-produced toxins found in crops like peanuts, maize, and tree nuts. They constitute a public health concern due to their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. A deterministic exposure risk assessment to AFB1 through the consumption of peanuts was conducted on children using the Margin of Exposure (MOE) and the liver cancer risk approaches. Data on AFB1 concentrations in peanuts, quantities of peanut consumption, and the weights of the children were obtained from the literature. Generally, MOE values were below the safe margin of 10,000, ranging between 3.68 and 0.14, 754.34 and 27.33, and 11,428.57 and 419.05 for the high (0.0466 ng/kg), median (0.00023 ng/kg), and low (0.000015 ng/kg) AFB1 concentration levels, respectively. The liver cancer risk upon lifetime exposure to highly AFB1-contaminated peanuts (0.0466 ng/kg) ranged between 1 and 23 (95% lower bound) and 2 and 50 (95% upper bound) cases in a million individuals: a public health concern. A low liver cancer risk (≤1 case in a billion individuals upon lifetime exposure) was shown at median and low AFB1 concentrations. However, the risk of AFB1 should be a priority for risk management since its harmful effects could be potentiated by poor diet, high malnutrition levels, and other disease burdens in Zambia’s children. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f87dea54f5d248b29be4e14e7fe1a551 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:59Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-f87dea54f5d248b29be4e14e7fe1a5512024-01-26T18:42:33ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512024-01-011615010.3390/toxins16010050Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, ZambiaGrace Musawa0Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi1Chisoni Mumba2Branly Kilola Mbunga3Gladys Phiri4Vistorina Benhard5Henson Kainga6Mkuzi Banda7Enock Ndaki8Ethel Mkandawire9John Bwalya Muma10Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaSchool of Medicine, Eden University, Lusaka P.O. Box 37727, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaKinshasa School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 834, CongoPartners in Food Solutions, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, MalawiZambia Compulsory Standards Agency, Lusaka P.O. Box 31302, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaAflatoxins B1 (AFB1) are fungi-produced toxins found in crops like peanuts, maize, and tree nuts. They constitute a public health concern due to their genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. A deterministic exposure risk assessment to AFB1 through the consumption of peanuts was conducted on children using the Margin of Exposure (MOE) and the liver cancer risk approaches. Data on AFB1 concentrations in peanuts, quantities of peanut consumption, and the weights of the children were obtained from the literature. Generally, MOE values were below the safe margin of 10,000, ranging between 3.68 and 0.14, 754.34 and 27.33, and 11,428.57 and 419.05 for the high (0.0466 ng/kg), median (0.00023 ng/kg), and low (0.000015 ng/kg) AFB1 concentration levels, respectively. The liver cancer risk upon lifetime exposure to highly AFB1-contaminated peanuts (0.0466 ng/kg) ranged between 1 and 23 (95% lower bound) and 2 and 50 (95% upper bound) cases in a million individuals: a public health concern. A low liver cancer risk (≤1 case in a billion individuals upon lifetime exposure) was shown at median and low AFB1 concentrations. However, the risk of AFB1 should be a priority for risk management since its harmful effects could be potentiated by poor diet, high malnutrition levels, and other disease burdens in Zambia’s children.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/1/50aflatoxin B1exposure risk assessmentpeanutunder-five childrenZambia |
| spellingShingle | Grace Musawa Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi Chisoni Mumba Branly Kilola Mbunga Gladys Phiri Vistorina Benhard Henson Kainga Mkuzi Banda Enock Ndaki Ethel Mkandawire John Bwalya Muma Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia Toxins aflatoxin B1 exposure risk assessment peanut under-five children Zambia |
| title | Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia |
| title_full | Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia |
| title_short | Assessing the Risk of Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 through the Consumption of Peanuts among Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Lusaka District, Zambia |
| title_sort | assessing the risk of exposure to aflatoxin b1 through the consumption of peanuts among children aged 6 59 months in the lusaka district zambia |
| topic | aflatoxin B1 exposure risk assessment peanut under-five children Zambia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/1/50 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gracemusawa assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT flaviennsonibumbangi assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT chisonimumba assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT branlykilolambunga assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT gladysphiri assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT vistorinabenhard assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT hensonkainga assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT mkuzibanda assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT enockndaki assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT ethelmkandawire assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia AT johnbwalyamuma assessingtheriskofexposuretoaflatoxinb1throughtheconsumptionofpeanutsamongchildrenaged659monthsinthelusakadistrictzambia |