Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants
Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are antibiotic resistance determinants present in all microorganisms. With few exceptions, they are chromosomally encoded and present a conserved organization both at the genetic and at the protein levels. In addition, most, if not all, strains of a given bacterial s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/4/1/14 |
| _version_ | 1818271940699226112 |
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| author | Paula Blanco Sara Hernando-Amado Jose Antonio Reales-Calderon Fernando Corona Felipe Lira Manuel Alcalde-Rico Alejandra Bernardini Maria Blanca Sanchez Jose Luis Martinez |
| author_facet | Paula Blanco Sara Hernando-Amado Jose Antonio Reales-Calderon Fernando Corona Felipe Lira Manuel Alcalde-Rico Alejandra Bernardini Maria Blanca Sanchez Jose Luis Martinez |
| author_sort | Paula Blanco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps are antibiotic resistance determinants present in all microorganisms. With few exceptions, they are chromosomally encoded and present a conserved organization both at the genetic and at the protein levels. In addition, most, if not all, strains of a given bacterial species present the same chromosomally-encoded efflux pumps. Altogether this indicates that multidrug efflux pumps are ancient elements encoded in bacterial genomes long before the recent use of antibiotics for human and animal therapy. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that efflux pumps can extrude a wide range of substrates that include, besides antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants, plant-produced compounds, quorum sensing signals or bacterial metabolites, among others. In the current review, we present information on the different functions that multidrug efflux pumps may have for the bacterial behaviour in different habitats as well as on their regulation by specific signals. Since, in addition to their function in non-clinical ecosystems, multidrug efflux pumps contribute to intrinsic, acquired, and phenotypic resistance of bacterial pathogens, the review also presents information on the search for inhibitors of multidrug efflux pumps, which are currently under development, in the aim of increasing the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:34:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f87f3586af4f4af9ada9f5142989c524 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:34:10Z |
| publishDate | 2016-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-f87f3586af4f4af9ada9f5142989c5242022-12-22T00:11:14ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072016-02-01411410.3390/microorganisms4010014microorganisms4010014Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance DeterminantsPaula Blanco0Sara Hernando-Amado1Jose Antonio Reales-Calderon2Fernando Corona3Felipe Lira4Manuel Alcalde-Rico5Alejandra Bernardini6Maria Blanca Sanchez7Jose Luis Martinez8Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Darwin 3, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainBacterial multidrug efflux pumps are antibiotic resistance determinants present in all microorganisms. With few exceptions, they are chromosomally encoded and present a conserved organization both at the genetic and at the protein levels. In addition, most, if not all, strains of a given bacterial species present the same chromosomally-encoded efflux pumps. Altogether this indicates that multidrug efflux pumps are ancient elements encoded in bacterial genomes long before the recent use of antibiotics for human and animal therapy. In this regard, it is worth mentioning that efflux pumps can extrude a wide range of substrates that include, besides antibiotics, heavy metals, organic pollutants, plant-produced compounds, quorum sensing signals or bacterial metabolites, among others. In the current review, we present information on the different functions that multidrug efflux pumps may have for the bacterial behaviour in different habitats as well as on their regulation by specific signals. Since, in addition to their function in non-clinical ecosystems, multidrug efflux pumps contribute to intrinsic, acquired, and phenotypic resistance of bacterial pathogens, the review also presents information on the search for inhibitors of multidrug efflux pumps, which are currently under development, in the aim of increasing the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antibiotics.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/4/1/14multidrug efflux pumpsMDRquorum sensingantibiotic resistancesolvent tolerancebacteria/plant interactions |
| spellingShingle | Paula Blanco Sara Hernando-Amado Jose Antonio Reales-Calderon Fernando Corona Felipe Lira Manuel Alcalde-Rico Alejandra Bernardini Maria Blanca Sanchez Jose Luis Martinez Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants Microorganisms multidrug efflux pumps MDR quorum sensing antibiotic resistance solvent tolerance bacteria/plant interactions |
| title | Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants |
| title_full | Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants |
| title_short | Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps: Much More Than Antibiotic Resistance Determinants |
| title_sort | bacterial multidrug efflux pumps much more than antibiotic resistance determinants |
| topic | multidrug efflux pumps MDR quorum sensing antibiotic resistance solvent tolerance bacteria/plant interactions |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/4/1/14 |
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