MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding
It is now well known that gene expression is intricately regulated inside each cell especially in mammals. There are multiple layers of gene regulation active inside a cell at a given point of time. Gene expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs and other factors. Mechanistically,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00054/full |
| _version_ | 1819044265407283200 |
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| author | Jayanth Kumar ePalanichamy Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao |
| author_facet | Jayanth Kumar ePalanichamy Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao |
| author_sort | Jayanth Kumar ePalanichamy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It is now well known that gene expression is intricately regulated inside each cell especially in mammals. There are multiple layers of gene regulation active inside a cell at a given point of time. Gene expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs and other factors. Mechanistically, microRNAs are known to bind to the 3’ UTR of mRNAs and cause repression of gene expression and the number of known microRNAs continues to increase every day. Dysregulated microRNA signatures in different types of cancer are being uncovered consistently implying their importance in cellular homeostasis. However when studied in isolation in mouse models, clear-cut cellular and molecular mechanisms have been described only for a select few microRNAs. What is the reason behind this discrepancy? Are microRNAs small players in gene regulation helping only to fine tune gene expression? Or are their roles tissue and cell type-specific with single-cell level effects on mRNA expression and microRNA threshold levels? Or does it all come down to the technical limitations of high throughput techniques, resulting in false positive results? In this review, we will assess the challenges facing the field and potential avenues for resolving the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these small but important regulators of gene expression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:09:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f884fc218ca94d2094ce1bb0231638d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T10:09:56Z |
| publishDate | 2014-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-f884fc218ca94d2094ce1bb0231638d32022-12-21T19:07:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212014-03-01510.3389/fgene.2014.0005481746MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understandingJayanth Kumar ePalanichamy0Dinesh S Rao1Dinesh S Rao2Dinesh S Rao3Dinesh S Rao4UCLAUCLAJonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLABroad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLACalifornia Institute of TechnologyIt is now well known that gene expression is intricately regulated inside each cell especially in mammals. There are multiple layers of gene regulation active inside a cell at a given point of time. Gene expression is regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs and other factors. Mechanistically, microRNAs are known to bind to the 3’ UTR of mRNAs and cause repression of gene expression and the number of known microRNAs continues to increase every day. Dysregulated microRNA signatures in different types of cancer are being uncovered consistently implying their importance in cellular homeostasis. However when studied in isolation in mouse models, clear-cut cellular and molecular mechanisms have been described only for a select few microRNAs. What is the reason behind this discrepancy? Are microRNAs small players in gene regulation helping only to fine tune gene expression? Or are their roles tissue and cell type-specific with single-cell level effects on mRNA expression and microRNA threshold levels? Or does it all come down to the technical limitations of high throughput techniques, resulting in false positive results? In this review, we will assess the challenges facing the field and potential avenues for resolving the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these small but important regulators of gene expression.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00054/fullMicroRNAsSingle-Cell AnalysismicroRNA profilingnon-genetic heterogeneitygenetic redundancy |
| spellingShingle | Jayanth Kumar ePalanichamy Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao Dinesh S Rao MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding Frontiers in Genetics MicroRNAs Single-Cell Analysis microRNA profiling non-genetic heterogeneity genetic redundancy |
| title | MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding |
| title_full | MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding |
| title_fullStr | MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding |
| title_full_unstemmed | MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding |
| title_short | MiRNA dysregulation in cancer: Towards a mechanistic understanding |
| title_sort | mirna dysregulation in cancer towards a mechanistic understanding |
| topic | MicroRNAs Single-Cell Analysis microRNA profiling non-genetic heterogeneity genetic redundancy |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fgene.2014.00054/full |
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