Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications
Introduction: Inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies rarely occur in the population, although the double vena cava presented is the most common among them. Typically, the posterior cardinal veins undergo regression, whereas the subcardinal veins join to form the suprarenal part of the vena cava (above r...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Translational Research in Anatomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2200067X |
| _version_ | 1811201823740002304 |
|---|---|
| author | Krzysztof Balawender Anna Pliszka Michał Kłos Stanisław Orkisz Karolina Barszcz Andrzej Dubrowski Aleksandra Matuszyk Andrzej Żytkowski |
| author_facet | Krzysztof Balawender Anna Pliszka Michał Kłos Stanisław Orkisz Karolina Barszcz Andrzej Dubrowski Aleksandra Matuszyk Andrzej Żytkowski |
| author_sort | Krzysztof Balawender |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies rarely occur in the population, although the double vena cava presented is the most common among them. Typically, the posterior cardinal veins undergo regression, whereas the subcardinal veins join to form the suprarenal part of the vena cava (above renal arteries). The supracardinal veins connect to the inferior infrarenal vena cava (under renal arteries). If the veins are separated and do not form a common vein trunk, the double IVC develops. Double IVC is usually asymptomatic as it is discovered mainly intraoperatively or incidentally in imagining tests. Case description: During routine dissection of the abdominal cavity of a female cadaver, duplication of the IVC was observed. Above the renal arteries, at the level of the first lumbar vertebra, the right and left vena cava drained into a short common trunk of the IVC. We also observed that the left renal vein opened into the left vena cava while the right renal vein drained into the common venous trunk, just above the left and right vena cava. Conclusions: This report shows a double IVC variant in which, during embryological development, the supracardinal veins remained separated, forming a duplication of the infrarenal IVC. Additionally, the short part of the subcardinal veins also did not connect to the common trunk. Therefore, the right and left vein junction was located above the renal arteries. Clinicians should be aware of this anomaly because knowledge of retroperitoneal space venous drainage variants allows one to avoid unforeseen severe complications during urological and gynecological procedures, which is crucial for the patient's safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:28:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f885a053907a45a3909751efe7c04c6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-854X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T02:28:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Research in Anatomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-f885a053907a45a3909751efe7c04c6b2022-12-22T03:51:55ZengElsevierTranslational Research in Anatomy2214-854X2022-11-0129100221Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implicationsKrzysztof Balawender0Anna Pliszka1Michał Kłos2Stanisław Orkisz3Karolina Barszcz4Andrzej Dubrowski5Aleksandra Matuszyk6Andrzej Żytkowski7Morphological Sciences Department, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, PolandMorphological Sciences Department, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, PolandPrivate Health Care Institution “Kriocentrum”, Józefów, PolandMorphological Sciences Department, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, PolandDepartment of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, PolandNorbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital No. 1 of the Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Faculty of Philology, Department of Polish Dialectology and Logopedics, University of Lodz, Poland; Corresponding author. University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 171/173, 91-404, Łódź, Poland.Introduction: Inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies rarely occur in the population, although the double vena cava presented is the most common among them. Typically, the posterior cardinal veins undergo regression, whereas the subcardinal veins join to form the suprarenal part of the vena cava (above renal arteries). The supracardinal veins connect to the inferior infrarenal vena cava (under renal arteries). If the veins are separated and do not form a common vein trunk, the double IVC develops. Double IVC is usually asymptomatic as it is discovered mainly intraoperatively or incidentally in imagining tests. Case description: During routine dissection of the abdominal cavity of a female cadaver, duplication of the IVC was observed. Above the renal arteries, at the level of the first lumbar vertebra, the right and left vena cava drained into a short common trunk of the IVC. We also observed that the left renal vein opened into the left vena cava while the right renal vein drained into the common venous trunk, just above the left and right vena cava. Conclusions: This report shows a double IVC variant in which, during embryological development, the supracardinal veins remained separated, forming a duplication of the infrarenal IVC. Additionally, the short part of the subcardinal veins also did not connect to the common trunk. Therefore, the right and left vein junction was located above the renal arteries. Clinicians should be aware of this anomaly because knowledge of retroperitoneal space venous drainage variants allows one to avoid unforeseen severe complications during urological and gynecological procedures, which is crucial for the patient's safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2200067XAnatomical variationInferior vena cavaEmbryology |
| spellingShingle | Krzysztof Balawender Anna Pliszka Michał Kłos Stanisław Orkisz Karolina Barszcz Andrzej Dubrowski Aleksandra Matuszyk Andrzej Żytkowski Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications Translational Research in Anatomy Anatomical variation Inferior vena cava Embryology |
| title | Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications |
| title_full | Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications |
| title_fullStr | Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications |
| title_short | Duplication of the inferior vena cava - An anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications |
| title_sort | duplication of the inferior vena cava an anatomical case report with comments on embryological background and clinical implications |
| topic | Anatomical variation Inferior vena cava Embryology |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214854X2200067X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krzysztofbalawender duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT annapliszka duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT michałkłos duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT stanisławorkisz duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT karolinabarszcz duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT andrzejdubrowski duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT aleksandramatuszyk duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications AT andrzejzytkowski duplicationoftheinferiorvenacavaananatomicalcasereportwithcommentsonembryologicalbackgroundandclinicalimplications |