Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion
Background: Inulin is a natural plant extract that improves metabolic syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may affect intestinal bile acids. We suggest that inulin may improve metabolism by inducing bile acid excretion by gut microbes.Methods: Male C57/BL mice wer...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1226448/full |
| _version_ | 1797773585517903872 |
|---|---|
| author | Shaoxiong Huang Shiliang Dong Lizhen Lin Qiming Ma Mengping Xu Limei Ni Qitong Fan |
| author_facet | Shaoxiong Huang Shiliang Dong Lizhen Lin Qiming Ma Mengping Xu Limei Ni Qitong Fan |
| author_sort | Shaoxiong Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Inulin is a natural plant extract that improves metabolic syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may affect intestinal bile acids. We suggest that inulin may improve metabolism by inducing bile acid excretion by gut microbes.Methods: Male C57/BL mice were fed either a high-fat diet (60% calories) or a regular diet for 16 weeks, with oral inulin (10% w/w). At the end of the experiment, the gene expression levels (FGF15, CD36, Srebp-1c, FASN, and ACC) in the liver and intestines, as well as the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids, were collected. The expression of FGF15 was examined using Western blot analysis. The fat distribution in the liver and groin was detected by oil red and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Simultaneously, the levels of serum inflammatory factors (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were detected to explore the side effects of inulin.Results: Inulin significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight and serum TG and LDL levels, in mice fed normal diet. Furthermore, inulin increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and increased the fecal bile acid and TG excretion in inulin-treated mice. In addition, inulin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in liver and inguinal fat, white fat weight, and hepatic steatosis. Western blot analysis showed that inulin reduced the expression of FGF15, a bile acid reabsorption protein.Conclusion: Inulin ameliorates the glucose and lipid metabolic phenotypes of mice fed a normal diet, including decreased intestinal lipid absorption, increased glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight. These changes may be caused by an increase in bile acid excretion resulting from changes in the gut microbiota that affect intestinal lipid absorption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:08:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f88aab18ed7a48cd9c5af281d0818e36 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T22:08:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f88aab18ed7a48cd9c5af281d0818e362023-07-24T09:48:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122023-07-011410.3389/fphar.2023.12264481226448Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretionShaoxiong Huang0Shiliang Dong1Lizhen Lin2Qiming Ma3Mengping Xu4Limei Ni5Qitong Fan6Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, ChinaDepartment of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Anaesthesia, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian, ChinaDepartment of Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, ChinaThe Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, ChinaDepartment of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, ChinaDepartment of Human Anatomy, Nanchang University Fuzhou Medical College, Fuzhou, ChinaBackground: Inulin is a natural plant extract that improves metabolic syndrome by modulating the gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may affect intestinal bile acids. We suggest that inulin may improve metabolism by inducing bile acid excretion by gut microbes.Methods: Male C57/BL mice were fed either a high-fat diet (60% calories) or a regular diet for 16 weeks, with oral inulin (10% w/w). At the end of the experiment, the gene expression levels (FGF15, CD36, Srebp-1c, FASN, and ACC) in the liver and intestines, as well as the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids, were collected. The expression of FGF15 was examined using Western blot analysis. The fat distribution in the liver and groin was detected by oil red and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Simultaneously, the levels of serum inflammatory factors (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) were detected to explore the side effects of inulin.Results: Inulin significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight and serum TG and LDL levels, in mice fed normal diet. Furthermore, inulin increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiota and increased the fecal bile acid and TG excretion in inulin-treated mice. In addition, inulin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in liver and inguinal fat, white fat weight, and hepatic steatosis. Western blot analysis showed that inulin reduced the expression of FGF15, a bile acid reabsorption protein.Conclusion: Inulin ameliorates the glucose and lipid metabolic phenotypes of mice fed a normal diet, including decreased intestinal lipid absorption, increased glucose tolerance, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased body weight. These changes may be caused by an increase in bile acid excretion resulting from changes in the gut microbiota that affect intestinal lipid absorption.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1226448/fullIntestinegut microbesbile acidsinulinhigh-fat diet |
| spellingShingle | Shaoxiong Huang Shiliang Dong Lizhen Lin Qiming Ma Mengping Xu Limei Ni Qitong Fan Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion Frontiers in Pharmacology Intestine gut microbes bile acids inulin high-fat diet |
| title | Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion |
| title_full | Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion |
| title_fullStr | Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion |
| title_short | Inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion |
| title_sort | inulin ameliorates metabolic syndrome in high fat diet fed mice by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid excretion |
| topic | Intestine gut microbes bile acids inulin high-fat diet |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1226448/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shaoxionghuang inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion AT shiliangdong inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion AT lizhenlin inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion AT qimingma inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion AT mengpingxu inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion AT limeini inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion AT qitongfan inulinamelioratesmetabolicsyndromeinhighfatdietfedmicebyregulatinggutmicrobiotaandbileacidexcretion |