Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India has now been prevalent over three decades, and an increasing number of children are being affected with HIV. The spectrum of pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in India has not been well desc...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dhanesheshwar N Lanjewar, Varsha Omprakash Bhatia, Sonali Dhaneshwar Lanjewar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2016-01-01
Series:Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.ijpmonline.org/article.asp?issn=0377-4929;year=2016;volume=59;issue=2;spage=166;epage=171;aulast=Lanjewar
_version_ 1818421578593992704
author Dhanesheshwar N Lanjewar
Varsha Omprakash Bhatia
Sonali Dhaneshwar Lanjewar
author_facet Dhanesheshwar N Lanjewar
Varsha Omprakash Bhatia
Sonali Dhaneshwar Lanjewar
author_sort Dhanesheshwar N Lanjewar
collection DOAJ
description Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India has now been prevalent over three decades, and an increasing number of children are being affected with HIV. The spectrum of pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in India has not been well described. Materials and Methods: A review of systematically conducted autopsies of 11 (10 boys and 1 girl) children with AIDS is presented. Results: The mode of HIV transmission in 6 children was vertical; in one it was blood transfusion and in 4 children route was presumably vertical as these were children of orphanage. The clinical manifestations were failure to thrive; 9 children, persistent gastroenteritis; 8, recurrent fever; 5, bacterial infections; 5, hepatosplenomegaly; 5, candidiasis; 1, scabies; 1, skin rash; 2, tuberculous (TB) meningitis; 1 and paraplegia; in 1 child. The spectrum of pathologic lesions observed were precocious involution in thymus in 3 and dysinvolution in 2 cases. Infectious diseases comprised of TB; 4 cases, cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) 4; bacterial pneumonia and meningitis; 7, and esophageal candidiasis in 2 cases. Dual or multiple infections were observed in 9 (82%) cases; these comprised of two lesions in 2, three lesions in 2, four lesions in 4, and five lesions in 1 case. TB, bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and CMV infection are the most frequent causes of death in children with AIDS. Vascular lesions showing features of arteriopathy were observed in 5 cases and brain in one case showed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conclusions: This study provides a better insight into the spectrum of pathologic lesions in children with AIDS in India. TB and CMV infection has been found to be the most prevalent infection in our children.
first_indexed 2024-12-14T13:12:35Z
format Article
id doaj.art-f88e9b140b9940a5bd9a5d3b1fc356aa
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 0377-4929
language English
last_indexed 2024-12-14T13:12:35Z
publishDate 2016-01-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
spelling doaj.art-f88e9b140b9940a5bd9a5d3b1fc356aa2022-12-21T23:00:09ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology0377-49292016-01-0159216617110.4103/0377-4929.182028Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, IndiaDhanesheshwar N LanjewarVarsha Omprakash BhatiaSonali Dhaneshwar LanjewarBackground: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in India has now been prevalent over three decades, and an increasing number of children are being affected with HIV. The spectrum of pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in India has not been well described. Materials and Methods: A review of systematically conducted autopsies of 11 (10 boys and 1 girl) children with AIDS is presented. Results: The mode of HIV transmission in 6 children was vertical; in one it was blood transfusion and in 4 children route was presumably vertical as these were children of orphanage. The clinical manifestations were failure to thrive; 9 children, persistent gastroenteritis; 8, recurrent fever; 5, bacterial infections; 5, hepatosplenomegaly; 5, candidiasis; 1, scabies; 1, skin rash; 2, tuberculous (TB) meningitis; 1 and paraplegia; in 1 child. The spectrum of pathologic lesions observed were precocious involution in thymus in 3 and dysinvolution in 2 cases. Infectious diseases comprised of TB; 4 cases, cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) 4; bacterial pneumonia and meningitis; 7, and esophageal candidiasis in 2 cases. Dual or multiple infections were observed in 9 (82%) cases; these comprised of two lesions in 2, three lesions in 2, four lesions in 4, and five lesions in 1 case. TB, bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and CMV infection are the most frequent causes of death in children with AIDS. Vascular lesions showing features of arteriopathy were observed in 5 cases and brain in one case showed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Conclusions: This study provides a better insight into the spectrum of pathologic lesions in children with AIDS in India. TB and CMV infection has been found to be the most prevalent infection in our children.http://www.ijpmonline.org/article.asp?issn=0377-4929;year=2016;volume=59;issue=2;spage=166;epage=171;aulast=LanjewarAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome, autopsy, cytomegalovirus, India, lymphoma, pediatric, tuberculosis
spellingShingle Dhanesheshwar N Lanjewar
Varsha Omprakash Bhatia
Sonali Dhaneshwar Lanjewar
Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India
Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, autopsy, cytomegalovirus, India, lymphoma, pediatric, tuberculosis
title Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India
title_full Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India
title_fullStr Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India
title_full_unstemmed Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India
title_short Pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from Mumbai, India
title_sort pathologic lesions in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an autopsy study of 11 cases from mumbai india
topic Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, autopsy, cytomegalovirus, India, lymphoma, pediatric, tuberculosis
url http://www.ijpmonline.org/article.asp?issn=0377-4929;year=2016;volume=59;issue=2;spage=166;epage=171;aulast=Lanjewar
work_keys_str_mv AT dhanesheshwarnlanjewar pathologiclesionsinchildrenwithacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeanautopsystudyof11casesfrommumbaiindia
AT varshaomprakashbhatia pathologiclesionsinchildrenwithacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeanautopsystudyof11casesfrommumbaiindia
AT sonalidhaneshwarlanjewar pathologiclesionsinchildrenwithacquiredimmunodeficiencysyndromeanautopsystudyof11casesfrommumbaiindia