Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age
In COVID-19 disease, are reported gender differences in relation to severity and death. The aim of this review is to highlight gender differences in the immune response to COVID-19. The included studies were identified using PubMed, until 30 October 2020. The search included the following keywords:...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Women's Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211022262 |
| _version_ | 1818574073096044544 |
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| author | Tiziana Ciarambino Ombretta Para Mauro Giordano |
| author_facet | Tiziana Ciarambino Ombretta Para Mauro Giordano |
| author_sort | Tiziana Ciarambino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In COVID-19 disease, are reported gender differences in relation to severity and death. The aim of this review is to highlight gender differences in the immune response to COVID-19. The included studies were identified using PubMed, until 30 October 2020. The search included the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, age, sex, and immune system. Literature described that females compared to males have greater inflammatory, antiviral, and humoral immune responses. In female, estrogen is a potential ally to alleviate SARS-COV-2 disease. In male, testosterone reduces vaccination response and depresses the cytokine response. In the older patients, and in particular, in female older patients, it has been reported a progressive functional decline in the immune systems. Differences by gender were reported in infection diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. These data should be confirmed by the other epidemiological studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:21:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8af57bf359c415bbd1f2a8ad996f36f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1745-5065 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-15T00:21:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8af57bf359c415bbd1f2a8ad996f36f2022-12-21T22:42:18ZengSAGE PublishingWomen's Health1745-50652021-06-011710.1177/17455065211022262Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and ageTiziana Ciarambino0Ombretta Para1Mauro Giordano2Department of Internal Medicine, Marcianise Hospital, ASL Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, Naples, ItalyIn COVID-19 disease, are reported gender differences in relation to severity and death. The aim of this review is to highlight gender differences in the immune response to COVID-19. The included studies were identified using PubMed, until 30 October 2020. The search included the following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, age, sex, and immune system. Literature described that females compared to males have greater inflammatory, antiviral, and humoral immune responses. In female, estrogen is a potential ally to alleviate SARS-COV-2 disease. In male, testosterone reduces vaccination response and depresses the cytokine response. In the older patients, and in particular, in female older patients, it has been reported a progressive functional decline in the immune systems. Differences by gender were reported in infection diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. These data should be confirmed by the other epidemiological studies.https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211022262 |
| spellingShingle | Tiziana Ciarambino Ombretta Para Mauro Giordano Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age Women's Health |
| title | Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age |
| title_full | Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age |
| title_fullStr | Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age |
| title_short | Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age |
| title_sort | immune system and covid 19 by sex differences and age |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/17455065211022262 |
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