Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler
Additive production is currently perceived as an advanced technology, where intensive research is carried out in two basic directions—modifications of existing printing materials and the evaluation of mechanical properties depending on individual production parameters and the technology used. The cu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1301 |
| _version_ | 1797438019232333824 |
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| author | Miroslav Müller Vladimír Šleger Viktor Kolář Monika Hromasová Dominik Piš Rajesh Kumar Mishra |
| author_facet | Miroslav Müller Vladimír Šleger Viktor Kolář Monika Hromasová Dominik Piš Rajesh Kumar Mishra |
| author_sort | Miroslav Müller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Additive production is currently perceived as an advanced technology, where intensive research is carried out in two basic directions—modifications of existing printing materials and the evaluation of mechanical properties depending on individual production parameters and the technology used. The current research is focused on the evaluation of the fatigue behavior of 3D-printed test specimens made of pure PLA and PLA reinforced with filler based on pinewood, bamboo, and cork using FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology. This research was carried out in response to the growing demand for filaments from biodegradable materials. This article describes the results of tensile fatigue tests and image analysis of the fracture surface determined by the SEM method. Biodegradable PLA-based materials have their limitations that influence their applicability in practice. One of these limitations is fatigue life, which is the cyclic load interval exceeding 50% of the tensile strength determined in a static test. Comparison of the cyclic fatigue test results for pure PLA and PLA reinforced with natural reinforcement, e.g., pinewood, bamboo, and cork, showed that, under the same loading conditions, the fatigue life of the 3D-printed specimens was similar, i.e., the filler did not reduce the material’s ability to respond to low-cycle fatigue. Cyclic testing did not have a significant effect on the change in tensile strength and associated durability during this loading interval for PLA-based materials reinforced with biological filler. Under cyclic loading, the visco-elastic behavior of the tested materials was found to increase with increasing values of cyclic loading of 30%, 50% and 70%, and the permanent deformation of the tested materials, i.e., viscoelastic behavior (creep), also increased. SEM analysis showed the presence of porosity, interlayer disturbances, and at the same time good interfacial compatibility of PLA with the biological filler. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:31:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8c03df9c04f4d52b023e294b3df4942 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:31:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8c03df9c04f4d52b023e294b3df49422023-11-30T23:52:35ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-03-01147130110.3390/polym14071301Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural FillerMiroslav Müller0Vladimír Šleger1Viktor Kolář2Monika Hromasová3Dominik Piš4Rajesh Kumar Mishra5Department of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech RepublicDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech RepublicDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech RepublicDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech RepublicDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech RepublicDepartment of Material Science and Manufacturing Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague-Suchdol, Czech RepublicAdditive production is currently perceived as an advanced technology, where intensive research is carried out in two basic directions—modifications of existing printing materials and the evaluation of mechanical properties depending on individual production parameters and the technology used. The current research is focused on the evaluation of the fatigue behavior of 3D-printed test specimens made of pure PLA and PLA reinforced with filler based on pinewood, bamboo, and cork using FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology. This research was carried out in response to the growing demand for filaments from biodegradable materials. This article describes the results of tensile fatigue tests and image analysis of the fracture surface determined by the SEM method. Biodegradable PLA-based materials have their limitations that influence their applicability in practice. One of these limitations is fatigue life, which is the cyclic load interval exceeding 50% of the tensile strength determined in a static test. Comparison of the cyclic fatigue test results for pure PLA and PLA reinforced with natural reinforcement, e.g., pinewood, bamboo, and cork, showed that, under the same loading conditions, the fatigue life of the 3D-printed specimens was similar, i.e., the filler did not reduce the material’s ability to respond to low-cycle fatigue. Cyclic testing did not have a significant effect on the change in tensile strength and associated durability during this loading interval for PLA-based materials reinforced with biological filler. Under cyclic loading, the visco-elastic behavior of the tested materials was found to increase with increasing values of cyclic loading of 30%, 50% and 70%, and the permanent deformation of the tested materials, i.e., viscoelastic behavior (creep), also increased. SEM analysis showed the presence of porosity, interlayer disturbances, and at the same time good interfacial compatibility of PLA with the biological filler.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1301additive manufacturing3D-printingPLA polymerbiological fillercyclic testSEM |
| spellingShingle | Miroslav Müller Vladimír Šleger Viktor Kolář Monika Hromasová Dominik Piš Rajesh Kumar Mishra Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler Polymers additive manufacturing 3D-printing PLA polymer biological filler cyclic test SEM |
| title | Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler |
| title_full | Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler |
| title_fullStr | Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler |
| title_short | Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of 3D-Printed PLA Reinforced with Natural Filler |
| title_sort | low cycle fatigue behavior of 3d printed pla reinforced with natural filler |
| topic | additive manufacturing 3D-printing PLA polymer biological filler cyclic test SEM |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1301 |
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