Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.
BACKGROUND:The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychol...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266289?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818175394033958912 |
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| author | Marianna Virtanen Stephen A Stansfeld Rebecca Fuhrer Jane E Ferrie Mika Kivimäki |
| author_facet | Marianna Virtanen Stephen A Stansfeld Rebecca Fuhrer Jane E Ferrie Mika Kivimäki |
| author_sort | Marianna Virtanen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991-1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997-1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7-8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:59:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8c1411da32b4d7a97d4a9cd76d2e383 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T19:59:35Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8c1411da32b4d7a97d4a9cd76d2e3832022-12-22T00:52:34ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0171e3071910.1371/journal.pone.0030719Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.Marianna VirtanenStephen A StansfeldRebecca FuhrerJane E FerrieMika KivimäkiBACKGROUND:The association between overtime work and depression is still unclear. This study examined the association between overtime work and the onset of a major depressive episode (MDE). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Prospective cohort study with a baseline examination of working hours, psychological morbidity (an indicator of baseline depression) and depression risk factors in 1991-1993 and a follow-up of major depressive episode in 1997-1999 (mean follow-up 5.8 years) among British civil servants (the Whitehall II study; 1626 men, 497 women, mean age 47 years at baseline). Onset of 12-month MDE was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) at follow-up. In prospective analysis of participants with no psychological morbidity at baseline, the odds ratio for a subsequent major depressive episode was 2.43 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 5.30) times higher for those working 11+ hours a day compared to employees working 7-8 hours a day, when adjusted for socio-demographic factors at baseline. Further adjustment for chronic physical disease, smoking, alcohol use, job strain and work-related social support had little effect on this association (odds ratio 2.52; 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 5.65). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Data from middle-aged civil servants suggest that working long hours of overtime may predispose to major depressive episodes.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266289?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Marianna Virtanen Stephen A Stansfeld Rebecca Fuhrer Jane E Ferrie Mika Kivimäki Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. PLoS ONE |
| title | Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
| title_full | Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
| title_fullStr | Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
| title_short | Overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. |
| title_sort | overtime work as a predictor of major depressive episode a 5 year follow up of the whitehall ii study |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3266289?pdf=render |
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