Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection
Certified electric vehicle power converters can inject DC current into the AC grid if they fail. Verification of DC injection by electric vehicle supply equipment can be a cost-effective extra measure to ensure power quality from a variety of plugged-in electric vehicles. As electric vehicle supply...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1193 |
| _version_ | 1797395612331671552 |
|---|---|
| author | Olga Mironenko Garrett Ejzak Willett Kempton |
| author_facet | Olga Mironenko Garrett Ejzak Willett Kempton |
| author_sort | Olga Mironenko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Certified electric vehicle power converters can inject DC current into the AC grid if they fail. Verification of DC injection by electric vehicle supply equipment can be a cost-effective extra measure to ensure power quality from a variety of plugged-in electric vehicles. As electric vehicle supply equipment typically performs high-accuracy revenue energy metering, we propose that measurement of AC current and DC injection with a single sensor is the most economically efficient design. This article presents an integrated shunt current sensing system with separation of AC and DC signals for concurrent revenue metering and DC injection detection. It also shows how the combined sensor is integrated into 19.2 kW single-phase electric vehicle supply equipment, and outlines how the design would be extended to 100 kW three-phase electric vehicle supply equipment. The prototype can detect DC injection of ≥400 mA in an AC current up to 80 A in accordance with the IEEE 1547-2018 standard. The prototype can also conduct revenue metering within the 1.0 accuracy class. The prototype does not have high power dissipation at high currents typical for shunt systems. Finally, the prototype is less costly than common electric vehicle supply equipment revenue metering CT systems with the addition of the popular Hall-effect sensor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:38:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8c86bdf91af40edb94d203bc74ff671 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:38:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8c86bdf91af40edb94d203bc74ff6712023-12-11T18:04:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-02-01144119310.3390/en14041193Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC InjectionOlga Mironenko0Garrett Ejzak1Willett Kempton2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USACertified electric vehicle power converters can inject DC current into the AC grid if they fail. Verification of DC injection by electric vehicle supply equipment can be a cost-effective extra measure to ensure power quality from a variety of plugged-in electric vehicles. As electric vehicle supply equipment typically performs high-accuracy revenue energy metering, we propose that measurement of AC current and DC injection with a single sensor is the most economically efficient design. This article presents an integrated shunt current sensing system with separation of AC and DC signals for concurrent revenue metering and DC injection detection. It also shows how the combined sensor is integrated into 19.2 kW single-phase electric vehicle supply equipment, and outlines how the design would be extended to 100 kW three-phase electric vehicle supply equipment. The prototype can detect DC injection of ≥400 mA in an AC current up to 80 A in accordance with the IEEE 1547-2018 standard. The prototype can also conduct revenue metering within the 1.0 accuracy class. The prototype does not have high power dissipation at high currents typical for shunt systems. Finally, the prototype is less costly than common electric vehicle supply equipment revenue metering CT systems with the addition of the popular Hall-effect sensor.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1193DC injectioncurrent measurementselectric vehiclesbidirectional chargingvehicle to gridelectric vehicle supply equipment |
| spellingShingle | Olga Mironenko Garrett Ejzak Willett Kempton Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection Energies DC injection current measurements electric vehicles bidirectional charging vehicle to grid electric vehicle supply equipment |
| title | Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection |
| title_full | Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection |
| title_fullStr | Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection |
| title_short | Integrated Electric Vehicle Shunt Current Sensing System for Concurrent Revenue Metering and Detection of DC Injection |
| title_sort | integrated electric vehicle shunt current sensing system for concurrent revenue metering and detection of dc injection |
| topic | DC injection current measurements electric vehicles bidirectional charging vehicle to grid electric vehicle supply equipment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/4/1193 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT olgamironenko integratedelectricvehicleshuntcurrentsensingsystemforconcurrentrevenuemeteringanddetectionofdcinjection AT garrettejzak integratedelectricvehicleshuntcurrentsensingsystemforconcurrentrevenuemeteringanddetectionofdcinjection AT willettkempton integratedelectricvehicleshuntcurrentsensingsystemforconcurrentrevenuemeteringanddetectionofdcinjection |