Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse
An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly inf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/11/297 |
| _version_ | 1797510834181636096 |
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| author | Shaoqing Cui Lin Cao Nuris Acosta Heping Zhu Peter P. Ling |
| author_facet | Shaoqing Cui Lin Cao Nuris Acosta Heping Zhu Peter P. Ling |
| author_sort | Shaoqing Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly infestation, mechanical damage, and no treatment) were successfully determined by the developed E-nose system. A rapid sensor response with high sensitivity towards whitefly-infested tomato plants was observed in the E-nose system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that the E-nose system was able to provide accurate distinguishment between whitefly-infested plants and healthy plants, with the first three principal components (PCs) accounting for 87.4% of the classification. To reveal the mechanism of whitefly infestation in tomato plants, VOC profiles of whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants were investigated by using the E-nose system and GC-MS. VOCs of 2-nonanol, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, and n-hexadecanoic acid were only detected in whitefly-infested plants, while compounds of dodecane and 4,6-dimethyl were only found in mechanically damaged plant samples. Those unique VOC profiles of different tomato plant groups could be considered as bio-markers for diagnosing different damages. Moreover, the E-nose system was demonstrated to have the capability to differentiate whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants. The relationship between sensor performance and VOC profiles confirmed that the developed E-nose system could be used as a fast and smart device to detect whitefly infestation in greenhouse cultivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:36:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8c95a183ee648ebb3aa858a3e6c0d2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:36:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8c95a183ee648ebb3aa858a3e6c0d2e2023-11-22T22:53:46ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402021-10-0191129710.3390/chemosensors9110297Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in GreenhouseShaoqing Cui0Lin Cao1Nuris Acosta2Heping Zhu3Peter P. Ling4Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USABorgWarner Turbo System Engineering GmbH, 67292 Kirchheimbolande, GermanyDepartment of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USAApplication Technology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Wooster, OH 44691, USADepartment of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USAAn electronic nose (E-nose) system equipped with a gas sensor array and real-time control panel was developed for a fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plants. Profile changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from tomato plants under different treatments (i.e., whitefly infestation, mechanical damage, and no treatment) were successfully determined by the developed E-nose system. A rapid sensor response with high sensitivity towards whitefly-infested tomato plants was observed in the E-nose system. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) indicated that the E-nose system was able to provide accurate distinguishment between whitefly-infested plants and healthy plants, with the first three principal components (PCs) accounting for 87.4% of the classification. To reveal the mechanism of whitefly infestation in tomato plants, VOC profiles of whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants were investigated by using the E-nose system and GC-MS. VOCs of 2-nonanol, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl, and n-hexadecanoic acid were only detected in whitefly-infested plants, while compounds of dodecane and 4,6-dimethyl were only found in mechanically damaged plant samples. Those unique VOC profiles of different tomato plant groups could be considered as bio-markers for diagnosing different damages. Moreover, the E-nose system was demonstrated to have the capability to differentiate whitefly-infested plants and mechanically damaged plants. The relationship between sensor performance and VOC profiles confirmed that the developed E-nose system could be used as a fast and smart device to detect whitefly infestation in greenhouse cultivation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/11/297electronic nose systemsensors arraywhitefly infestationtomato plantvolatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
| spellingShingle | Shaoqing Cui Lin Cao Nuris Acosta Heping Zhu Peter P. Ling Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse Chemosensors electronic nose system sensors array whitefly infestation tomato plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
| title | Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse |
| title_full | Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse |
| title_fullStr | Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse |
| title_short | Development of Portable E-Nose System for Fast Diagnosis of Whitefly Infestation in Tomato Plant in Greenhouse |
| title_sort | development of portable e nose system for fast diagnosis of whitefly infestation in tomato plant in greenhouse |
| topic | electronic nose system sensors array whitefly infestation tomato plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/11/297 |
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