Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach
High industrial chimney inclination monitoring and analysis is crucial from a stability point of view because, if not maintained, it can pose a great potential hazard for its surroundings. Various modern approaches of chimneys’ geometrical parameters determination have been proposed and are actively...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6265 |
| _version_ | 1797517244037595136 |
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| author | Mladen Zrinjski Antonio Tupek Đuro Barković Ante Polović |
| author_facet | Mladen Zrinjski Antonio Tupek Đuro Barković Ante Polović |
| author_sort | Mladen Zrinjski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High industrial chimney inclination monitoring and analysis is crucial from a stability point of view because, if not maintained, it can pose a great potential hazard for its surroundings. Various modern approaches of chimneys’ geometrical parameters determination have been proposed and are actively in use. However, little research regarding the applicability of the unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based photogrammetric approach of chimney structural monitoring has been conducted and a comprehensive analysis with validated methods is lacking. Therefore, this research is focused on the determination of geometrical structural parameters of a masonry chimney whereby two independent methods have been applied. Reference values of the chimney geometrical parameters have been determined by precise total station (TS) measurements and, in relation to them, the applicability of the UAS-based photogrammetric approach is evaluated. Methodologically, the reference and validation values of the chimney geometrical parameters have been determined based on double modeling of the chimney structure. Firstly, cross-sectional elliptical regression has been applied to determine the geometrical values of the chimney at predefined above-ground levels (AGLs). Secondly, the spatial chimney axis has been derived by polynomial regression to determine the inclination of the full chimney structure. Lastly, the structural stability of the chimney is validated based on its axis inclination whereby permitted deviations are determined according to the European Standard EN 1996-1-1:2005. Experimental results of our research show that consistently better results are gained by TS-based surveys and, although the determination of the chimney’s geometrical values by the UAS-based approach is certainly possible, great attention must be given to the accuracy of the UAS-generated point cloud (PC) if high accuracy results are needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:14:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8c9a228c18b43ca8b58d84e78654620 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:14:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8c9a228c18b43ca8b58d84e786546202023-11-22T15:14:13ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-09-012118626510.3390/s21186265Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry ApproachMladen Zrinjski0Antonio Tupek1Đuro Barković2Ante Polović3Chair of Instrumental Technique, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaChair of Instrumental Technique, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaChair of Land Surveying, Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaGEO-KOM d.o.o., Ban Josip Jelačić Street 87, 47250 Karlovac, CroatiaHigh industrial chimney inclination monitoring and analysis is crucial from a stability point of view because, if not maintained, it can pose a great potential hazard for its surroundings. Various modern approaches of chimneys’ geometrical parameters determination have been proposed and are actively in use. However, little research regarding the applicability of the unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based photogrammetric approach of chimney structural monitoring has been conducted and a comprehensive analysis with validated methods is lacking. Therefore, this research is focused on the determination of geometrical structural parameters of a masonry chimney whereby two independent methods have been applied. Reference values of the chimney geometrical parameters have been determined by precise total station (TS) measurements and, in relation to them, the applicability of the UAS-based photogrammetric approach is evaluated. Methodologically, the reference and validation values of the chimney geometrical parameters have been determined based on double modeling of the chimney structure. Firstly, cross-sectional elliptical regression has been applied to determine the geometrical values of the chimney at predefined above-ground levels (AGLs). Secondly, the spatial chimney axis has been derived by polynomial regression to determine the inclination of the full chimney structure. Lastly, the structural stability of the chimney is validated based on its axis inclination whereby permitted deviations are determined according to the European Standard EN 1996-1-1:2005. Experimental results of our research show that consistently better results are gained by TS-based surveys and, although the determination of the chimney’s geometrical values by the UAS-based approach is certainly possible, great attention must be given to the accuracy of the UAS-generated point cloud (PC) if high accuracy results are needed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6265masonry chimneygeodetic reference network (GRN)total station (TS)unmanned aerial system (UAS)photogrammetrypoint cloud (PC) |
| spellingShingle | Mladen Zrinjski Antonio Tupek Đuro Barković Ante Polović Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach Sensors masonry chimney geodetic reference network (GRN) total station (TS) unmanned aerial system (UAS) photogrammetry point cloud (PC) |
| title | Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach |
| title_full | Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach |
| title_fullStr | Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach |
| title_short | Industrial Masonry Chimney Geometry Analysis: A Total Station Based Evaluation of the Unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry Approach |
| title_sort | industrial masonry chimney geometry analysis a total station based evaluation of the unmanned aerial system photogrammetry approach |
| topic | masonry chimney geodetic reference network (GRN) total station (TS) unmanned aerial system (UAS) photogrammetry point cloud (PC) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/18/6265 |
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