Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review
Concrete is a heterogeneous material that consists of cement, aggregates, and water as basic constituents. Several cementitious materials and additives are added with different volumetric ratios to improve the strength and durability requirements of concrete. Consequently, performance of concrete wh...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/14/5032 |
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| author | Amjad Alhamad Sherif Yehia Éva Lublóy Mohamed Elchalakani |
| author_facet | Amjad Alhamad Sherif Yehia Éva Lublóy Mohamed Elchalakani |
| author_sort | Amjad Alhamad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Concrete is a heterogeneous material that consists of cement, aggregates, and water as basic constituents. Several cementitious materials and additives are added with different volumetric ratios to improve the strength and durability requirements of concrete. Consequently, performance of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature is greatly affected by the concrete type. Moreover, post-fire properties of concrete are influenced by the constituents of each concrete type. Heating rate, days of curing, type of curing, cooling method, and constituents of the mix are some of the factors that impact the post-fire behavior of concrete structures. In this paper, an extensive review was conducted and focused on the effect of concrete constituents on the overall behavior of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature. It was evident that utilizing fibers can improve the tensile capacity of concrete after exposure to higher temperatures. However, there is an increased risk of spalling due to the induced internal stresses. In addition, supplementary cementitious materials such as metakaolin and silica fume enhanced concrete strength, the latter proving to be the most effective. In terms of the heating process, it was clear that several constituents, such as silica fume or fly ash, that decrease absorption affect overall workability, increase the compressive strength of concrete, and can yield an increase in the strength of concrete at 200 °C. Most of the concrete types show a moderate and steady decrease in the strength up until 400 °C. However, the decrease is more rapid until the concrete reaches 800 °C or 1000 °C at which it spalls or cannot take any applied load. This review highlighted the need for more research and codes’ provisions to account for different types of concrete constituents and advanced construction materials technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:17:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8cbb3e8b7ad42abb1ec8046fa9ace86 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:17:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-f8cbb3e8b7ad42abb1ec8046fa9ace862023-12-03T11:52:56ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-07-011514503210.3390/ma15145032Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A ReviewAmjad Alhamad0Sherif Yehia1Éva Lublóy2Mohamed Elchalakani3Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 26666, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Construction Materials and Engineering Geology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, AustraliaConcrete is a heterogeneous material that consists of cement, aggregates, and water as basic constituents. Several cementitious materials and additives are added with different volumetric ratios to improve the strength and durability requirements of concrete. Consequently, performance of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature is greatly affected by the concrete type. Moreover, post-fire properties of concrete are influenced by the constituents of each concrete type. Heating rate, days of curing, type of curing, cooling method, and constituents of the mix are some of the factors that impact the post-fire behavior of concrete structures. In this paper, an extensive review was conducted and focused on the effect of concrete constituents on the overall behavior of concrete when exposed to elevated temperature. It was evident that utilizing fibers can improve the tensile capacity of concrete after exposure to higher temperatures. However, there is an increased risk of spalling due to the induced internal stresses. In addition, supplementary cementitious materials such as metakaolin and silica fume enhanced concrete strength, the latter proving to be the most effective. In terms of the heating process, it was clear that several constituents, such as silica fume or fly ash, that decrease absorption affect overall workability, increase the compressive strength of concrete, and can yield an increase in the strength of concrete at 200 °C. Most of the concrete types show a moderate and steady decrease in the strength up until 400 °C. However, the decrease is more rapid until the concrete reaches 800 °C or 1000 °C at which it spalls or cannot take any applied load. This review highlighted the need for more research and codes’ provisions to account for different types of concrete constituents and advanced construction materials technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/14/5032elevated temperatureconstituentsresidual propertiesspallingcrackingfibers |
| spellingShingle | Amjad Alhamad Sherif Yehia Éva Lublóy Mohamed Elchalakani Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review Materials elevated temperature constituents residual properties spalling cracking fibers |
| title | Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review |
| title_full | Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review |
| title_short | Performance of Different Concrete Types Exposed to Elevated Temperatures: A Review |
| title_sort | performance of different concrete types exposed to elevated temperatures a review |
| topic | elevated temperature constituents residual properties spalling cracking fibers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/14/5032 |
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