Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators.
Small stationary diesel engines, like in generator sets, have limited emission control measures and are therefore responsible for 44% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the United States. The diesel exhaust composition depends on operating conditions of the combustion engine. Furthermore, t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22442670/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818742773994487808 |
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| author | Marianne Smits Floris Vanpachtenbeke Benjamin Horemans Benjamin Horemans Karolien De Wael Birger Hauchecorne Herman Van Langenhove Kristof Demeestere Silvia Lenaerts |
| author_facet | Marianne Smits Floris Vanpachtenbeke Benjamin Horemans Benjamin Horemans Karolien De Wael Birger Hauchecorne Herman Van Langenhove Kristof Demeestere Silvia Lenaerts |
| author_sort | Marianne Smits |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Small stationary diesel engines, like in generator sets, have limited emission control measures and are therefore responsible for 44% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the United States. The diesel exhaust composition depends on operating conditions of the combustion engine. Furthermore, the measurements are influenced by the used sampling method. This study examines the effect of engine loading and exhaust gas dilution on the composition of small-scale power generators. These generators are used in different operating conditions than road-transport vehicles, resulting in different emission characteristics. Experimental data were obtained for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and PM mass concentration, elemental composition and nitrate content. The exhaust composition depends on load condition because of its effect on fuel consumption, engine wear and combustion temperature. Higher load conditions result in lower PM concentration and sharper edged particles with larger aerodynamic diameters. A positive correlation with load condition was found for K, Ca, Sr, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb adsorbed on PM, elements that originate from lubricating oil or engine corrosion. The nitrate concentration decreases at higher load conditions, due to enhanced nitrate dissociation to gaseous NO at higher engine temperatures. Dilution on the other hand decreases PM and nitrate concentration and increases gaseous VOC and adsorbed metal content. In conclusion, these data show that operating and sampling conditions have a major effect on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale diesel generators. Therefore, care must be taken when designing new experiments or comparing literature results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T02:17:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8d9180ef2f64520b7d81eb00dfb78df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T02:17:51Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8d9180ef2f64520b7d81eb00dfb78df2022-12-21T21:24:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0173e3282510.1371/journal.pone.0032825Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators.Marianne SmitsFloris VanpachtenbekeBenjamin HoremansBenjamin HoremansKarolien De WaelBirger HauchecorneHerman Van LangenhoveKristof DemeestereSilvia LenaertsSmall stationary diesel engines, like in generator sets, have limited emission control measures and are therefore responsible for 44% of the particulate matter (PM) emissions in the United States. The diesel exhaust composition depends on operating conditions of the combustion engine. Furthermore, the measurements are influenced by the used sampling method. This study examines the effect of engine loading and exhaust gas dilution on the composition of small-scale power generators. These generators are used in different operating conditions than road-transport vehicles, resulting in different emission characteristics. Experimental data were obtained for gaseous volatile organic compounds (VOC) and PM mass concentration, elemental composition and nitrate content. The exhaust composition depends on load condition because of its effect on fuel consumption, engine wear and combustion temperature. Higher load conditions result in lower PM concentration and sharper edged particles with larger aerodynamic diameters. A positive correlation with load condition was found for K, Ca, Sr, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb adsorbed on PM, elements that originate from lubricating oil or engine corrosion. The nitrate concentration decreases at higher load conditions, due to enhanced nitrate dissociation to gaseous NO at higher engine temperatures. Dilution on the other hand decreases PM and nitrate concentration and increases gaseous VOC and adsorbed metal content. In conclusion, these data show that operating and sampling conditions have a major effect on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale diesel generators. Therefore, care must be taken when designing new experiments or comparing literature results.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22442670/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Marianne Smits Floris Vanpachtenbeke Benjamin Horemans Benjamin Horemans Karolien De Wael Birger Hauchecorne Herman Van Langenhove Kristof Demeestere Silvia Lenaerts Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators. PLoS ONE |
| title | Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators. |
| title_full | Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators. |
| title_fullStr | Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators. |
| title_short | Effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small-scale power generators. |
| title_sort | effect of operating and sampling conditions on the exhaust gas composition of small scale power generators |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22442670/?tool=EBI |
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