Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile
Chile has embraced the expansion of monoculture forest plantations of exotic Monterey pine and eucalyptus as part of its development strategy. While forestry is considered financially successful and meets sustainability objectives, the increase in forest plantations across southern Chile has receive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Land |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/3/283 |
| _version_ | 1797541871236415488 |
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| author | Lindsey Carte Álvaro Hofflinger Molly H. Polk |
| author_facet | Lindsey Carte Álvaro Hofflinger Molly H. Polk |
| author_sort | Lindsey Carte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chile has embraced the expansion of monoculture forest plantations of exotic Monterey pine and eucalyptus as part of its development strategy. While forestry is considered financially successful and meets sustainability objectives, the increase in forest plantations across southern Chile has received harsh critiques for exacerbating conflict over Indigenous land rights, producing negative environmental outcomes, and increasing poverty and inequality. There are also claims that forest plantation expansion has led to an abandonment of the countryside. Migration is viewed as a result of the socioeconomic challenges that forest plantations produce at the local level; however, the linkages have not been explored. We examine the linkages between forest plantations and migration through two questions: Is there a relationship between forest plantation cover change and out-migration from rural areas? If so, what are the factors that explain this process? We use a difference-in-differences method analyzing panel data from the Chilean census and from CONAF, the Chilean National Forest Corporation, complemented by interviews, mapping workshops, and focus groups to answer these questions. Results indicate a statistically significant relationship between expanding forest plantations and population decline in rural areas. Qualitative data show that this expansion led to displacement of residents, declines in employment opportunities, and agriculture difficulties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:21:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8dab536318f4b778c4a62da33bc3677 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:21:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8dab536318f4b778c4a62da33bc36772023-11-21T09:58:41ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2021-03-0110328310.3390/land10030283Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, ChileLindsey Carte0Álvaro Hofflinger1Molly H. Polk2Núcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 478000, ChileNúcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 478000, ChileDepartment of Geography and the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USAChile has embraced the expansion of monoculture forest plantations of exotic Monterey pine and eucalyptus as part of its development strategy. While forestry is considered financially successful and meets sustainability objectives, the increase in forest plantations across southern Chile has received harsh critiques for exacerbating conflict over Indigenous land rights, producing negative environmental outcomes, and increasing poverty and inequality. There are also claims that forest plantation expansion has led to an abandonment of the countryside. Migration is viewed as a result of the socioeconomic challenges that forest plantations produce at the local level; however, the linkages have not been explored. We examine the linkages between forest plantations and migration through two questions: Is there a relationship between forest plantation cover change and out-migration from rural areas? If so, what are the factors that explain this process? We use a difference-in-differences method analyzing panel data from the Chilean census and from CONAF, the Chilean National Forest Corporation, complemented by interviews, mapping workshops, and focus groups to answer these questions. Results indicate a statistically significant relationship between expanding forest plantations and population decline in rural areas. Qualitative data show that this expansion led to displacement of residents, declines in employment opportunities, and agriculture difficulties.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/3/283forest plantationsmigrationpopulation declineextractivismpolitical ecology |
| spellingShingle | Lindsey Carte Álvaro Hofflinger Molly H. Polk Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile Land forest plantations migration population decline extractivism political ecology |
| title | Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile |
| title_full | Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile |
| title_fullStr | Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile |
| title_short | Expanding Exotic Forest Plantations and Declining Rural Populations in La Araucanía, Chile |
| title_sort | expanding exotic forest plantations and declining rural populations in la araucania chile |
| topic | forest plantations migration population decline extractivism political ecology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/3/283 |
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