Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses
Background: With an increasing number of systems for quantifying lameness-related movement asymmetry, between-system comparisons under non-laboratory conditions are important for multi-centre or referral-level studies. This study compares an artificial intelligence video app to a validated inertial...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8414 |
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| author | Thilo Pfau Kiki Landsbergen Brittany L. Davis Olivia Kenny Nicole Kernot Nina Rochard Marion Porte-Proust Holly Sparks Yuji Takahashi Kasara Toth W. Michael Scott |
| author_facet | Thilo Pfau Kiki Landsbergen Brittany L. Davis Olivia Kenny Nicole Kernot Nina Rochard Marion Porte-Proust Holly Sparks Yuji Takahashi Kasara Toth W. Michael Scott |
| author_sort | Thilo Pfau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: With an increasing number of systems for quantifying lameness-related movement asymmetry, between-system comparisons under non-laboratory conditions are important for multi-centre or referral-level studies. This study compares an artificial intelligence video app to a validated inertial measurement unit (IMU) gait analysis system in a specific group of horses. Methods: Twenty-two reining Quarter horses were equipped with nine body-mounted IMUs while being videoed with a smartphone app. Both systems quantified head and pelvic movement symmetry during in-hand trot (hard/soft ground) and on the lunge (left/right rein, soft ground). Proportional limits of agreement (pLoA) were established. Results: Widths of pLoA were larger for head movement (29% to 50% in-hand; 22% to 38% on lunge) than for pelvic movement (13% to 24% in-hand; 14% to 24% on lunge). Conclusion: The between-system pLoAs exceed current “lameness thresholds” aimed at identifying the affected limb(s) in lame horses. They also exceed published limits of agreement for stride-matched data but are similar to repeatability values and “lameness thresholds” from “non-lame” horses. This is encouraging for multi-centre studies and referral-level veterinary practice. The narrower pLoA values for pelvic movement asymmetry are particularly encouraging, given the difficulty of grading hind limb lameness “by eye”. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:55:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-f8de71a4f2b343c69f129222415219a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:55:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8de71a4f2b343c69f129222415219a12023-11-19T18:02:33ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-10-012320841410.3390/s23208414Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter HorsesThilo Pfau0Kiki Landsbergen1Brittany L. Davis2Olivia Kenny3Nicole Kernot4Nina Rochard5Marion Porte-Proust6Holly Sparks7Yuji Takahashi8Kasara Toth9W. Michael Scott10Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaFaculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaFaculty of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaSchool of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, North Wagga, NSW 2650, AustraliaEcole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, FranceEcole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, FranceFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaFaculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, CanadaBackground: With an increasing number of systems for quantifying lameness-related movement asymmetry, between-system comparisons under non-laboratory conditions are important for multi-centre or referral-level studies. This study compares an artificial intelligence video app to a validated inertial measurement unit (IMU) gait analysis system in a specific group of horses. Methods: Twenty-two reining Quarter horses were equipped with nine body-mounted IMUs while being videoed with a smartphone app. Both systems quantified head and pelvic movement symmetry during in-hand trot (hard/soft ground) and on the lunge (left/right rein, soft ground). Proportional limits of agreement (pLoA) were established. Results: Widths of pLoA were larger for head movement (29% to 50% in-hand; 22% to 38% on lunge) than for pelvic movement (13% to 24% in-hand; 14% to 24% on lunge). Conclusion: The between-system pLoAs exceed current “lameness thresholds” aimed at identifying the affected limb(s) in lame horses. They also exceed published limits of agreement for stride-matched data but are similar to repeatability values and “lameness thresholds” from “non-lame” horses. This is encouraging for multi-centre studies and referral-level veterinary practice. The narrower pLoA values for pelvic movement asymmetry are particularly encouraging, given the difficulty of grading hind limb lameness “by eye”.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8414horsemovement symmetryinertial measurement unitmarkerless trackingartificial intelligencelameness |
| spellingShingle | Thilo Pfau Kiki Landsbergen Brittany L. Davis Olivia Kenny Nicole Kernot Nina Rochard Marion Porte-Proust Holly Sparks Yuji Takahashi Kasara Toth W. Michael Scott Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses Sensors horse movement symmetry inertial measurement unit markerless tracking artificial intelligence lameness |
| title | Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses |
| title_full | Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses |
| title_fullStr | Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses |
| title_short | Comparing Inertial Measurement Units to Markerless Video Analysis for Movement Symmetry in Quarter Horses |
| title_sort | comparing inertial measurement units to markerless video analysis for movement symmetry in quarter horses |
| topic | horse movement symmetry inertial measurement unit markerless tracking artificial intelligence lameness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/20/8414 |
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