Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
The parents’ attitude toward vaccinating children and adolescents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains inconsistent and needs further elucidation. The high rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region require intensive research to understand th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/9/234 |
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| author | Doaa Ali ElSayed Etwal Bou Raad Salma A. Bekhit Malik Sallam Nada M. Ibrahim Sarah Soliman Reham Abdullah Shehata Farag Ramy Mohamed Ghazy |
| author_facet | Doaa Ali ElSayed Etwal Bou Raad Salma A. Bekhit Malik Sallam Nada M. Ibrahim Sarah Soliman Reham Abdullah Shehata Farag Ramy Mohamed Ghazy |
| author_sort | Doaa Ali ElSayed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The parents’ attitude toward vaccinating children and adolescents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains inconsistent and needs further elucidation. The high rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region require intensive research to understand the determinants of this phenomenon. This study aimed to validate a version of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) tool in Arabic, the most widely spoken language in the MENA. The study objectives included the investigation of Arab-speaking parents’ views regarding COVID-19 vaccination of their children. Parents living in Egypt with at least one child aged 5–18 years were eligible to participate in the study that was conducted through an online survey with 15 PACV items. The PACV tool was translated into Arabic using forward and backward translation. To assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of PACV, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) were performed. A total of 223 parents participated in the study: 59.82% aged 30–39 years, 69.20% were females, 46.19% were university-educated, and 40.63% had one child. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the Arabic version of PACV was 0.799. The EFA of the 15 items showed that three domains were most conceptually equivalent. All items had a positive significant correlation with the mean score of each subscale except for item 4 (r = 0.016, <i>p</i> = 0.811). Regression analyses results indicated that education, previous COVID-19 infection, vaccine status of parents, and PACV score were significantly associated with the intention of the parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The CFA results showed that most of the factor loadings were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.010) except for items 4 and 7. However, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.080) and the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR = 0.080) indicated that the model had a reasonable fit, and the three factors were good in reproducing each correlation. Our study results indicated the validity and reliability of the PACV instrument in Arabic language. Consequently, the PACV can be used to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a majority of MENA countries for better delineation of this highly prevalent phenomenon in the region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f8fa0b8808a84f368fe34e3a263b4146 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-f8fa0b8808a84f368fe34e3a263b41462023-11-23T19:18:08ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662022-09-017923410.3390/tropicalmed7090234Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine HesitancyDoaa Ali ElSayed0Etwal Bou Raad1Salma A. Bekhit2Malik Sallam3Nada M. Ibrahim4Sarah Soliman5Reham Abdullah6Shehata Farag7Ramy Mohamed Ghazy8Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptSchool of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, LebanonEnvironmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanNutrition Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptTropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptInfectious Disease Residency Program, Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo 71529, EgyptBiostatistics Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptTropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, EgyptThe parents’ attitude toward vaccinating children and adolescents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains inconsistent and needs further elucidation. The high rates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region require intensive research to understand the determinants of this phenomenon. This study aimed to validate a version of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) tool in Arabic, the most widely spoken language in the MENA. The study objectives included the investigation of Arab-speaking parents’ views regarding COVID-19 vaccination of their children. Parents living in Egypt with at least one child aged 5–18 years were eligible to participate in the study that was conducted through an online survey with 15 PACV items. The PACV tool was translated into Arabic using forward and backward translation. To assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of PACV, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) were performed. A total of 223 parents participated in the study: 59.82% aged 30–39 years, 69.20% were females, 46.19% were university-educated, and 40.63% had one child. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the Arabic version of PACV was 0.799. The EFA of the 15 items showed that three domains were most conceptually equivalent. All items had a positive significant correlation with the mean score of each subscale except for item 4 (r = 0.016, <i>p</i> = 0.811). Regression analyses results indicated that education, previous COVID-19 infection, vaccine status of parents, and PACV score were significantly associated with the intention of the parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The CFA results showed that most of the factor loadings were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.010) except for items 4 and 7. However, the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA = 0.080) and the standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR = 0.080) indicated that the model had a reasonable fit, and the three factors were good in reproducing each correlation. Our study results indicated the validity and reliability of the PACV instrument in Arabic language. Consequently, the PACV can be used to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a majority of MENA countries for better delineation of this highly prevalent phenomenon in the region.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/9/234immunizationparents’ beliefsvaccine acceptanceSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Doaa Ali ElSayed Etwal Bou Raad Salma A. Bekhit Malik Sallam Nada M. Ibrahim Sarah Soliman Reham Abdullah Shehata Farag Ramy Mohamed Ghazy Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease immunization parents’ beliefs vaccine acceptance SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy |
| title_full | Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy |
| title_fullStr | Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy |
| title_short | Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) Questionnaire in Arabic Language Widely Spoken in a Region with a High Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy |
| title_sort | validation and cultural adaptation of the parent attitudes about childhood vaccines pacv questionnaire in arabic language widely spoken in a region with a high prevalence of covid 19 vaccine hesitancy |
| topic | immunization parents’ beliefs vaccine acceptance SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/9/234 |
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