A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation
Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most-sold anti-inflammatory drugs in the world, and its residues can reach aquatic systems, causing serious health and environmental problems. Strategies are used to improve the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO), and thosethat involvethe inclusion of metalhave...
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2021-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5891 |
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| author | Alexandro S. Sá Rodrigo P. Feitosa Luzia Honório Ramón Peña-Garcia Luciano C. Almeida Juliana S. Dias Lorena P. Brazuna Thiago G. Tabuti Eduardo R. Triboni Josy A. Osajima Edson C. da Silva-Filho |
| author_facet | Alexandro S. Sá Rodrigo P. Feitosa Luzia Honório Ramón Peña-Garcia Luciano C. Almeida Juliana S. Dias Lorena P. Brazuna Thiago G. Tabuti Eduardo R. Triboni Josy A. Osajima Edson C. da Silva-Filho |
| author_sort | Alexandro S. Sá |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most-sold anti-inflammatory drugs in the world, and its residues can reach aquatic systems, causing serious health and environmental problems. Strategies are used to improve the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO), and thosethat involvethe inclusion of metalhave received special attention. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the parameters and toxicity of a photoproduct using zinc oxide that contains cerium (ZnO-Ce) for the photodegradation of ibuprofen. The parameters include the influence of the photocatalyst concentration (0.5, 0.5, and 1.5 g L<sup>−1</sup>) as well as the effects of pH (3, 7, and 10), the effect of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and radical scavengers. The photocatalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Raman, X-Ray Diffraction, surface area, and diffuse reflectance. The photocatalytic activity of ibuprofen was evaluated in an aqueous solution under UV light for 120 min. The structural characterization by XRD and SEM elucidated the fact that the nanoparticle ZnO contained cerium. The band gap value was 3.31 eV. The best experimental conditions for the photodegradation of IBU were 60% obtained in an acidic condition using 0.50 g L<sup>−1</sup> of ZnO-Ce in a solution of 20 ppm of IBU. The presence of hydrogen peroxide favored the photocatalysis process. ZnO-Ce exhibited good IBU degradation activity even after three photocatalytic cycles under UV light. The hole plays akey role in the degradation process of ibuprofen. The toxicity of photolyzed products was monitored against <i>Artemia salina</i> (bioindicator) and did not generate toxic metabolites. Therefore, this work provides a strategic design to improve ZnO-Ce photocatalysts for environmental remediation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:56:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f906edc15f0146d688226ce51b423e17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:56:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f906edc15f0146d688226ce51b423e172023-11-22T16:28:44ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-10-011419589110.3390/ma14195891A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen DegradationAlexandro S. Sá0Rodrigo P. Feitosa1Luzia Honório2Ramón Peña-Garcia3Luciano C. Almeida4Juliana S. Dias5Lorena P. Brazuna6Thiago G. Tabuti7Eduardo R. Triboni8Josy A. Osajima9Edson C. da Silva-Filho10LIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Ministro Petronio Portela, Federal University of Píaui, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, BrazilLIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Ministro Petronio Portela, Federal University of Píaui, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, BrazilLIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Ministro Petronio Portela, Federal University of Píaui, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, BrazilLIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Ministro Petronio Portela, Federal University of Píaui, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, BrazilChemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, BrazilLaboratory of Nanotechnology and Process Engineering, Chemistry Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Nanotechnology and Process Engineering, Chemistry Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Nanotechnology and Process Engineering, Chemistry Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, São Paulo, BrazilLaboratory of Nanotechnology and Process Engineering, Chemistry Engineering Department, University of São Paulo, Lorena 12602-810, São Paulo, BrazilLIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Ministro Petronio Portela, Federal University of Píaui, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, BrazilLIMAV, Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Ministro Petronio Portela, Federal University of Píaui, Teresina 64049-550, Piaui, BrazilIbuprofen (IBU) is one of the most-sold anti-inflammatory drugs in the world, and its residues can reach aquatic systems, causing serious health and environmental problems. Strategies are used to improve the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO), and thosethat involvethe inclusion of metalhave received special attention. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the parameters and toxicity of a photoproduct using zinc oxide that contains cerium (ZnO-Ce) for the photodegradation of ibuprofen. The parameters include the influence of the photocatalyst concentration (0.5, 0.5, and 1.5 g L<sup>−1</sup>) as well as the effects of pH (3, 7, and 10), the effect of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and radical scavengers. The photocatalyst was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Raman, X-Ray Diffraction, surface area, and diffuse reflectance. The photocatalytic activity of ibuprofen was evaluated in an aqueous solution under UV light for 120 min. The structural characterization by XRD and SEM elucidated the fact that the nanoparticle ZnO contained cerium. The band gap value was 3.31 eV. The best experimental conditions for the photodegradation of IBU were 60% obtained in an acidic condition using 0.50 g L<sup>−1</sup> of ZnO-Ce in a solution of 20 ppm of IBU. The presence of hydrogen peroxide favored the photocatalysis process. ZnO-Ce exhibited good IBU degradation activity even after three photocatalytic cycles under UV light. The hole plays akey role in the degradation process of ibuprofen. The toxicity of photolyzed products was monitored against <i>Artemia salina</i> (bioindicator) and did not generate toxic metabolites. Therefore, this work provides a strategic design to improve ZnO-Ce photocatalysts for environmental remediation.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5891drugphotodegradationremediationsemiconductor |
| spellingShingle | Alexandro S. Sá Rodrigo P. Feitosa Luzia Honório Ramón Peña-Garcia Luciano C. Almeida Juliana S. Dias Lorena P. Brazuna Thiago G. Tabuti Eduardo R. Triboni Josy A. Osajima Edson C. da Silva-Filho A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation Materials drug photodegradation remediation semiconductor |
| title | A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation |
| title_full | A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation |
| title_fullStr | A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation |
| title_short | A Brief Photocatalytic Study of ZnO Containing Cerium towards Ibuprofen Degradation |
| title_sort | brief photocatalytic study of zno containing cerium towards ibuprofen degradation |
| topic | drug photodegradation remediation semiconductor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/19/5891 |
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