Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies
Food allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous mic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01853/full |
| _version_ | 1828486982063357952 |
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| author | Luisa Kreft Luisa Kreft Christian Hoffmann Christian Hoffmann Christian Hoffmann Caspar Ohnmacht Caspar Ohnmacht |
| author_facet | Luisa Kreft Luisa Kreft Christian Hoffmann Christian Hoffmann Christian Hoffmann Caspar Ohnmacht Caspar Ohnmacht |
| author_sort | Luisa Kreft |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Food allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous microbial richness reflects a highly tolerogenic environment at steady state, in which immune cells are educated to react in a well-calibrated manner to food and microbial antigens. Recent evidence indicates that the susceptibility to food allergy is critically linked to microbial dysbiosis and can be transmitted by microbial transfer from humans to mice. Experimental work and epidemiological studies further point toward a critical time window in early childhood during which the immune system is imprinted by microbial colonization. Particularly, Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells turn out to be key players, acting as rheostats for controlling the magnitude of food allergic reactions. An increasing number of bacterial metabolites has recently been shown to regulate directly or indirectly the differentiation of peripherally induced Tregs, most of which co-express the RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt). Genetic ablation provided additional direct evidence for the importance of RORγt+ Tregs in food allergy. Future strategies for the stratification of food allergic patients with the aim to manipulate the intestinal microbiota by means of fecal transplantation efforts, pre- or probiotic regimens or for boosting oral immunotherapy may improve diagnosis and therapy. In this review some of the key underlying mechanisms are summarized and future directions for potential microbial therapy are explored. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:42:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f90b56b45d8f4600a839f8ce80c22eae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:42:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f90b56b45d8f4600a839f8ce80c22eae2022-12-22T01:12:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-08-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01853565313Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food AllergiesLuisa Kreft0Luisa Kreft1Christian Hoffmann2Christian Hoffmann3Christian Hoffmann4Caspar Ohnmacht5Caspar Ohnmacht6Mucosal Immunology Group, Center of Allery and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, GermanyMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, GermanyMucosal Immunology Group, Center of Allery and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, GermanyMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, GermanyDepartment of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center (FoRC), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilMucosal Immunology Group, Center of Allery and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, GermanyMember of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, GermanyFood allergy is an atopic disease that is caused by the immune system targeting harmless food antigens that can result in life-threatening anaphylaxis. As humans and microbes have co-evolved, inevitably commensal microbes have a tremendous impact on our health. As such, the gut with its enormous microbial richness reflects a highly tolerogenic environment at steady state, in which immune cells are educated to react in a well-calibrated manner to food and microbial antigens. Recent evidence indicates that the susceptibility to food allergy is critically linked to microbial dysbiosis and can be transmitted by microbial transfer from humans to mice. Experimental work and epidemiological studies further point toward a critical time window in early childhood during which the immune system is imprinted by microbial colonization. Particularly, Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells turn out to be key players, acting as rheostats for controlling the magnitude of food allergic reactions. An increasing number of bacterial metabolites has recently been shown to regulate directly or indirectly the differentiation of peripherally induced Tregs, most of which co-express the RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt). Genetic ablation provided additional direct evidence for the importance of RORγt+ Tregs in food allergy. Future strategies for the stratification of food allergic patients with the aim to manipulate the intestinal microbiota by means of fecal transplantation efforts, pre- or probiotic regimens or for boosting oral immunotherapy may improve diagnosis and therapy. In this review some of the key underlying mechanisms are summarized and future directions for potential microbial therapy are explored.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01853/fullintestinal microbiotafood allergyregulatory T cellsFoxp3oral toleranceanaphylaxis |
| spellingShingle | Luisa Kreft Luisa Kreft Christian Hoffmann Christian Hoffmann Christian Hoffmann Caspar Ohnmacht Caspar Ohnmacht Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies Frontiers in Immunology intestinal microbiota food allergy regulatory T cells Foxp3 oral tolerance anaphylaxis |
| title | Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies |
| title_full | Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies |
| title_fullStr | Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies |
| title_short | Therapeutic Potential of the Intestinal Microbiota for Immunomodulation of Food Allergies |
| title_sort | therapeutic potential of the intestinal microbiota for immunomodulation of food allergies |
| topic | intestinal microbiota food allergy regulatory T cells Foxp3 oral tolerance anaphylaxis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01853/full |
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