Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain
The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance, prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) isolated from heavy swine at abattoir level and farming environments in Lombardy (Northern Italy). With thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/9/1141 |
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| author | Pedro Rodríguez-López Virginia Filipello Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio Alessandra Pitozzi Sergio Ghidini Federico Scali Adriana Ianieri Emanuela Zanardi Marina Nadia Losio Ancuta Cezara Simon Giovanni Loris Alborali |
| author_facet | Pedro Rodríguez-López Virginia Filipello Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio Alessandra Pitozzi Sergio Ghidini Federico Scali Adriana Ianieri Emanuela Zanardi Marina Nadia Losio Ancuta Cezara Simon Giovanni Loris Alborali |
| author_sort | Pedro Rodríguez-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance, prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) isolated from heavy swine at abattoir level and farming environments in Lombardy (Northern Italy). With this scope, 88 different heavy swine farms were surveyed, obtaining a total of <i>n</i> = 440 animal swabs and <i>n</i> = 150 environmental swabs. A total of <i>n</i> = 87 MRSA isolates were obtained, with an overall MRSA incidence of 17.50% (<i>n</i> = 77) among animal samples and a 6.67% (<i>n</i> = 10) among environmental. Molecular characterisation using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) plus <i>spa</i>-typing showed that sequence type ST398/t899 and ST398/t011 were the most commonly isolated genotypes, although other relevant sequence types such as ST1 or ST97 were also found. A lack of susceptibility to penicillins, tetracycline and ceftiofur was detected in >91.95, 85.05 and 48.28% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to doxycycline (32.18%), enrofloxacin (27.59%) and gentamicin (25.29%) was also observed. Additionally, a remarkable level of antibiotic multiresistance (AMR) was observed representing a 77.01% (<i>n</i> = 67) of the obtained isolates. Genetic analysis revealed that 97.70% and 77.01% of the isolates harboured at least one antibiotic resistance or enterotoxin gene, respectively, pointing out a high isolate virulence potential. Lastly, 55.17% (<i>n</i> = 48) were able to produce measurable amounts of biofilm after 24 h. In spite of the current programmes for antibiotic reduction in intensively farming, a still on-going high level of AMR and virulence potential in MRSA was demonstrated, making this pathogen a serious risk in swine production chain, highlighting once more the need to develop efficient, pathogen-specific control strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:09:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f90d2abbb2704155acf79360136888f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:09:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-f90d2abbb2704155acf79360136888f42023-11-20T10:42:38ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582020-08-0199114110.3390/foods9091141Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production ChainPedro Rodríguez-López0Virginia Filipello1Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio2Alessandra Pitozzi3Sergio Ghidini4Federico Scali5Adriana Ianieri6Emanuela Zanardi7Marina Nadia Losio8Ancuta Cezara Simon9Giovanni Loris Alborali10Department of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna—Headquarters, Via A. Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna—Headquarters, Via A. Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna—Headquarters, Via A. Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna—Headquarters, Via A. Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Food and Drug, Università di Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna—Headquarters, Via A. Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyThe main aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of antibiotic resistance, prevalence and virulence features of methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) isolated from heavy swine at abattoir level and farming environments in Lombardy (Northern Italy). With this scope, 88 different heavy swine farms were surveyed, obtaining a total of <i>n</i> = 440 animal swabs and <i>n</i> = 150 environmental swabs. A total of <i>n</i> = 87 MRSA isolates were obtained, with an overall MRSA incidence of 17.50% (<i>n</i> = 77) among animal samples and a 6.67% (<i>n</i> = 10) among environmental. Molecular characterisation using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) plus <i>spa</i>-typing showed that sequence type ST398/t899 and ST398/t011 were the most commonly isolated genotypes, although other relevant sequence types such as ST1 or ST97 were also found. A lack of susceptibility to penicillins, tetracycline and ceftiofur was detected in >91.95, 85.05 and 48.28% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to doxycycline (32.18%), enrofloxacin (27.59%) and gentamicin (25.29%) was also observed. Additionally, a remarkable level of antibiotic multiresistance (AMR) was observed representing a 77.01% (<i>n</i> = 67) of the obtained isolates. Genetic analysis revealed that 97.70% and 77.01% of the isolates harboured at least one antibiotic resistance or enterotoxin gene, respectively, pointing out a high isolate virulence potential. Lastly, 55.17% (<i>n</i> = 48) were able to produce measurable amounts of biofilm after 24 h. In spite of the current programmes for antibiotic reduction in intensively farming, a still on-going high level of AMR and virulence potential in MRSA was demonstrated, making this pathogen a serious risk in swine production chain, highlighting once more the need to develop efficient, pathogen-specific control strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/9/1141antibiotic susceptibilityantibiotic resistancefood safetyfood hygieneMRSAprevalence |
| spellingShingle | Pedro Rodríguez-López Virginia Filipello Pierluigi Aldo Di Ciccio Alessandra Pitozzi Sergio Ghidini Federico Scali Adriana Ianieri Emanuela Zanardi Marina Nadia Losio Ancuta Cezara Simon Giovanni Loris Alborali Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain Foods antibiotic susceptibility antibiotic resistance food safety food hygiene MRSA prevalence |
| title | Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain |
| title_full | Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain |
| title_short | Assessment of the Antibiotic Resistance Profile, Genetic Heterogeneity and Biofilm Production of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) Isolated from The Italian Swine Production Chain |
| title_sort | assessment of the antibiotic resistance profile genetic heterogeneity and biofilm production of methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i mrsa isolated from the italian swine production chain |
| topic | antibiotic susceptibility antibiotic resistance food safety food hygiene MRSA prevalence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/9/1141 |
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