Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin.
Cryptococcosis is a human fungal infection of significant mortality and morbidity, especially in the meningoencephalitis form. Cryptococcosis is distributed worldwide and its agents, C. neoformans and C. gattii, present eight major molecular types-VNI-VNIV and VGI-VGIV respectively. The primary cryp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
|
| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4331552?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1811207521590837248 |
|---|---|
| author | Fábio Brito-Santos Gláucia Gonçalves Barbosa Luciana Trilles Marília Martins Nishikawa Bodo Wanke Wieland Meyer Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa Márcia dos Santos Lazéra |
| author_facet | Fábio Brito-Santos Gláucia Gonçalves Barbosa Luciana Trilles Marília Martins Nishikawa Bodo Wanke Wieland Meyer Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa Márcia dos Santos Lazéra |
| author_sort | Fábio Brito-Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cryptococcosis is a human fungal infection of significant mortality and morbidity, especially in the meningoencephalitis form. Cryptococcosis is distributed worldwide and its agents, C. neoformans and C. gattii, present eight major molecular types-VNI-VNIV and VGI-VGIV respectively. The primary cryptococcosis caused by molecular type VGII (serotype B, MAT alpha) prevails in immunocompetent patients in the North and Northeast of Brazil, revealing an endemic regional pattern to this molecular type. Since 1999, C. gattii VGII has been involved in an ongoing outbreak in Canada, and is expanding to the Northwest of the United States, two temperate regions. Exposure to propagules dispersed in the environment, related to various organic substrates, mainly decomposing wood in and around dwellings, initiates the infection process. The present study investigated the presence of the agents of cryptococcosis in dust from dwellings in the upper Rio Negro, municipality of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in Amazonas state. Indoor dust was collected from 51 houses, diluted and plated on bird seed agar. Dark brown colonies were identified phenotypically, and genotypically by URA5 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The mating type was identified using pheromone-specific primers. Three of the 51 houses were positive for C. gattii molecular type VGII, MATα and MATa, showing a high prevalence of this agent. MLST studies identified eight subtypes, VGIIb (ST7), VGIIa (ST20), (ST5) and 5 new subtypes unique to the region. For the first time in the state of Amazonas, C. gattii VGII MATα and MATa were isolated from the environment and correlates with endemic cryptococcosis in this state. This is the first description of MLST subtypes on environmental isolates in the Brazilian Amazon, indicating domiciliary dust as a potential source for human infection with different subtypes of C. gattii VGII MATα and MATa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:05:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f91d3da36a12423ab2001178a272889d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:05:45Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-f91d3da36a12423ab2001178a272889d2022-12-22T03:48:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01102e011586610.1371/journal.pone.0115866Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin.Fábio Brito-SantosGláucia Gonçalves BarbosaLuciana TrillesMarília Martins NishikawaBodo WankeWieland MeyerFilipe Anibal Carvalho-CostaMárcia dos Santos LazéraCryptococcosis is a human fungal infection of significant mortality and morbidity, especially in the meningoencephalitis form. Cryptococcosis is distributed worldwide and its agents, C. neoformans and C. gattii, present eight major molecular types-VNI-VNIV and VGI-VGIV respectively. The primary cryptococcosis caused by molecular type VGII (serotype B, MAT alpha) prevails in immunocompetent patients in the North and Northeast of Brazil, revealing an endemic regional pattern to this molecular type. Since 1999, C. gattii VGII has been involved in an ongoing outbreak in Canada, and is expanding to the Northwest of the United States, two temperate regions. Exposure to propagules dispersed in the environment, related to various organic substrates, mainly decomposing wood in and around dwellings, initiates the infection process. The present study investigated the presence of the agents of cryptococcosis in dust from dwellings in the upper Rio Negro, municipality of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in Amazonas state. Indoor dust was collected from 51 houses, diluted and plated on bird seed agar. Dark brown colonies were identified phenotypically, and genotypically by URA5 restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The mating type was identified using pheromone-specific primers. Three of the 51 houses were positive for C. gattii molecular type VGII, MATα and MATa, showing a high prevalence of this agent. MLST studies identified eight subtypes, VGIIb (ST7), VGIIa (ST20), (ST5) and 5 new subtypes unique to the region. For the first time in the state of Amazonas, C. gattii VGII MATα and MATa were isolated from the environment and correlates with endemic cryptococcosis in this state. This is the first description of MLST subtypes on environmental isolates in the Brazilian Amazon, indicating domiciliary dust as a potential source for human infection with different subtypes of C. gattii VGII MATα and MATa.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4331552?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Fábio Brito-Santos Gláucia Gonçalves Barbosa Luciana Trilles Marília Martins Nishikawa Bodo Wanke Wieland Meyer Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa Márcia dos Santos Lazéra Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. PLoS ONE |
| title | Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. |
| title_full | Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. |
| title_fullStr | Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. |
| title_short | Environmental isolation of Cryptococcus gattii VGII from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep Amazonas of the Rio Negro basin. |
| title_sort | environmental isolation of cryptococcus gattii vgii from indoor dust from typical wooden houses in the deep amazonas of the rio negro basin |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4331552?pdf=render |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fabiobritosantos environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT glauciagoncalvesbarbosa environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT lucianatrilles environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT mariliamartinsnishikawa environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT bodowanke environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT wielandmeyer environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT filipeanibalcarvalhocosta environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin AT marciadossantoslazera environmentalisolationofcryptococcusgattiivgiifromindoordustfromtypicalwoodenhousesinthedeepamazonasoftherionegrobasin |