Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells
Background: Epidemiological clinical reports have shown an association between iodine excess with diabetes mellitus type 2 and higher blood glucose. However, the relationship between iodine, the pancreas, adipose tissue, and glucose transport is unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the eff...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/1/26 |
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| author | Reséndiz-Jiménez Arely Arbez-Evangelista Cristian Arroyo-Xochihua Omar Palma-Jacinto José Antonio Santiago-Roque Isela De León-Ramírez Yeimy Mar Hernández-Domínguez Xcaret Alexa Arroyo-Helguera Omar |
| author_facet | Reséndiz-Jiménez Arely Arbez-Evangelista Cristian Arroyo-Xochihua Omar Palma-Jacinto José Antonio Santiago-Roque Isela De León-Ramírez Yeimy Mar Hernández-Domínguez Xcaret Alexa Arroyo-Helguera Omar |
| author_sort | Reséndiz-Jiménez Arely |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Epidemiological clinical reports have shown an association between iodine excess with diabetes mellitus type 2 and higher blood glucose. However, the relationship between iodine, the pancreas, adipose tissue, and glucose transport is unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of iodine concentrations (in Lugol solution) on glucose transport, insulin secretion, and its cytotoxic effects in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells. Methods: Fibroblast 3T3-L1, mature adipocytes, and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells were treated with 1 to 1000 µM of Lugol (molecular iodine dissolved in potassium iodide) for 30 min to 24 h for an MTT proliferation assay. Then, glucose uptake was measured with the fluorescent analog 2-NBDG, insulin receptor, Akt protein, p-Akt (ser-473), PPAR-gamma, and Glut4 by immunoblot; furthermore, insulin, alpha-amylase, oxidative stress, and caspase-3 activation were measured by colorimetric methods and the expression of markers of the apoptotic pathway at the RNAm level by real-time PCR. Results: Low concentrations of Lugol significantly induce insulin secretion and glucose uptake in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells, and in adipose cells, iodine-induced glucose uptake depends on the serine-473 phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) and Glut4. Higher doses of Lugol lead to cell growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis dependent on PPAR-gamma, Bax mRNA expression, and caspase-3 activation in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells. Conclusions: Iodine could influence glucose metabolism in mature adipocytes and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, but excessive levels may cause cytotoxic damage to pancreatic beta cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:04:54Z |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:04:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-f922f066887a49a989bddf488c27a43e2024-01-26T15:06:49ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-01-011312610.3390/biology13010026Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta CellsReséndiz-Jiménez Arely0Arbez-Evangelista Cristian1Arroyo-Xochihua Omar2Palma-Jacinto José Antonio3Santiago-Roque Isela4De León-Ramírez Yeimy Mar5Hernández-Domínguez Xcaret Alexa6Arroyo-Helguera Omar7Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoLaboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N, Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoLaboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N, Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoLaboratorio de Biomedicina y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoLaboratorio de Biomedicina y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoLaboratorio de Biomedicina y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luís Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Animas, Xalapa 91190, Veracruz, MexicoBackground: Epidemiological clinical reports have shown an association between iodine excess with diabetes mellitus type 2 and higher blood glucose. However, the relationship between iodine, the pancreas, adipose tissue, and glucose transport is unclear. The goal of this study was to analyze the effect of iodine concentrations (in Lugol solution) on glucose transport, insulin secretion, and its cytotoxic effects in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells. Methods: Fibroblast 3T3-L1, mature adipocytes, and pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells were treated with 1 to 1000 µM of Lugol (molecular iodine dissolved in potassium iodide) for 30 min to 24 h for an MTT proliferation assay. Then, glucose uptake was measured with the fluorescent analog 2-NBDG, insulin receptor, Akt protein, p-Akt (ser-473), PPAR-gamma, and Glut4 by immunoblot; furthermore, insulin, alpha-amylase, oxidative stress, and caspase-3 activation were measured by colorimetric methods and the expression of markers of the apoptotic pathway at the RNAm level by real-time PCR. Results: Low concentrations of Lugol significantly induce insulin secretion and glucose uptake in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells, and in adipose cells, iodine-induced glucose uptake depends on the serine-473 phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) and Glut4. Higher doses of Lugol lead to cell growth inhibition, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis dependent on PPAR-gamma, Bax mRNA expression, and caspase-3 activation in pancreatic beta-TC-6 cells. Conclusions: Iodine could influence glucose metabolism in mature adipocytes and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells, but excessive levels may cause cytotoxic damage to pancreatic beta cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/1/26iodinepancreatic damageapoptosisGlut4 |
| spellingShingle | Reséndiz-Jiménez Arely Arbez-Evangelista Cristian Arroyo-Xochihua Omar Palma-Jacinto José Antonio Santiago-Roque Isela De León-Ramírez Yeimy Mar Hernández-Domínguez Xcaret Alexa Arroyo-Helguera Omar Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells Biology iodine pancreatic damage apoptosis Glut4 |
| title | Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells |
| title_full | Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells |
| title_fullStr | Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells |
| title_short | Iodine Promotes Glucose Uptake through Akt Phosphorylation and Glut-4 in Adipocytes, but Higher Doses Induce Cytotoxic Effects in Pancreatic Beta Cells |
| title_sort | iodine promotes glucose uptake through akt phosphorylation and glut 4 in adipocytes but higher doses induce cytotoxic effects in pancreatic beta cells |
| topic | iodine pancreatic damage apoptosis Glut4 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/1/26 |
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