Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation
The change in phenols, polysaccharides and volatile profiles of noni juice from laboratory- and factory-scale fermentation was analyzed during a 63-day fermentation process. The phenol and polysaccharide contents and aroma characteristics clearly changed according to fermentation scale and time cond...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2604 |
| _version_ | 1827693742562213888 |
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| author | Zhulin Wang Rong Dou Ruili Yang Kun Cai Congfa Li Wu Li |
| author_facet | Zhulin Wang Rong Dou Ruili Yang Kun Cai Congfa Li Wu Li |
| author_sort | Zhulin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The change in phenols, polysaccharides and volatile profiles of noni juice from laboratory- and factory-scale fermentation was analyzed during a 63-day fermentation process. The phenol and polysaccharide contents and aroma characteristics clearly changed according to fermentation scale and time conditions. The flavonoid content in noni juice gradually increased with fermentation. Seventy-three volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Methyl hexanoate, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, octanoic acid, hexanoic acid and 2-heptanone were found to be the main aroma components of fresh and fermented noni juice. A decrease in octanoic acid and hexanoic acid contents resulted in the less pungent aroma in noni juice from factory-scale fermentation. The results of principal component analysis of the electronic nose suggested that the difference in nitrogen oxide, alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic and sulfur compounds, contributed to the discrimination of noni juice from different fermentation times and scales. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:50:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f928808d801c45e1a81dc37cd74ec8c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:50:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-f928808d801c45e1a81dc37cd74ec8c12023-11-21T17:48:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-04-01269260410.3390/molecules26092604Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during FermentationZhulin Wang0Rong Dou1Ruili Yang2Kun Cai3Congfa Li4Wu Li5Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaCollege of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaKey Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaThe change in phenols, polysaccharides and volatile profiles of noni juice from laboratory- and factory-scale fermentation was analyzed during a 63-day fermentation process. The phenol and polysaccharide contents and aroma characteristics clearly changed according to fermentation scale and time conditions. The flavonoid content in noni juice gradually increased with fermentation. Seventy-three volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Methyl hexanoate, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, octanoic acid, hexanoic acid and 2-heptanone were found to be the main aroma components of fresh and fermented noni juice. A decrease in octanoic acid and hexanoic acid contents resulted in the less pungent aroma in noni juice from factory-scale fermentation. The results of principal component analysis of the electronic nose suggested that the difference in nitrogen oxide, alkanes, alcohols, and aromatic and sulfur compounds, contributed to the discrimination of noni juice from different fermentation times and scales.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2604noni juicefermentationvolatile compoundphenolspolysaccharidesGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Zhulin Wang Rong Dou Ruili Yang Kun Cai Congfa Li Wu Li Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation Molecules noni juice fermentation volatile compound phenols polysaccharides GC-MS |
| title | Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation |
| title_full | Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation |
| title_short | Changes in Phenols, Polysaccharides and Volatile Profiles of Noni (<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> L.) Juice during Fermentation |
| title_sort | changes in phenols polysaccharides and volatile profiles of noni i morinda citrifolia i l juice during fermentation |
| topic | noni juice fermentation volatile compound phenols polysaccharides GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/9/2604 |
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