Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars
To overcome massive pollution and energy consumption resulting from cement production in addition to concrete’s durability problems, geopolymer concretes (GPC) and mortars (GPM) are recently gaining increasing interest. GPCs are manufactured based on different ingredients such as Fly Ash, GGBS, and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509522000547 |
| _version_ | 1818547925800714240 |
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| author | Mohamed S. Saif Mohamed O.R. El-Hariri Ahmed I. Sarie-Eldin Bassam A. Tayeh Mohamed F. Farag |
| author_facet | Mohamed S. Saif Mohamed O.R. El-Hariri Ahmed I. Sarie-Eldin Bassam A. Tayeh Mohamed F. Farag |
| author_sort | Mohamed S. Saif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To overcome massive pollution and energy consumption resulting from cement production in addition to concrete’s durability problems, geopolymer concretes (GPC) and mortars (GPM) are recently gaining increasing interest. GPCs are manufactured based on different ingredients such as Fly Ash, GGBS, and other Alumina-Silicate rich materials and polymerized by using alkali activator. However, based on the major polymeric constituent material and curing condition, the properties of GPC are determined. In Egypt, metakaolin (MK) is available in several locations, which after calcination exhibits satisfactory pozzolanic activity. MK is a good replacement of cements in concrete and GPC as it consumes less fuel and produces much lower pollutants. In this research, the durability of MK mixes, that can be utilized in normal construction locations are investigated. Metakaolin based geopolymer mortars (MK-GPM) with up to 60% OPC are made to investigate the effect of OPC inclusion on durability related characteristics. The influence of curing conditions at ambient temperature (23 ± 2 °C) as well as at 60 °C heat curing is also investigated. Water transport properties are evaluated. Durability related characteristics in terms of change in weight and compressive strength with time after exposure for 10 weeks to chemical solution (10% MgSO4, H2SO4 (pH=3) and 10% NaCl). Furthermore, microstructure properties are investigated through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to identify the phase and chemical composition. The results reveal that, heat curing of MK-GPM reduces its sorptivity by 9 ± 2% and water absorption by 13 ± 3%. On the other hand, the inclusion of OPC in MK-GPM (by more than 5%) increases water absorption and sorptivity and consequently reduces durability. Although, MK-GPM shows better durability when exposed to aggressive environmental attacks, incorporating cement up to 20% demonstrates better durability performance than OPC mortar. The study of the microstructure of tested mixes explains and confirms the experimental results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:13:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f93e46257b6c427b96b6038d9ca8df4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-5095 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:13:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Case Studies in Construction Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-f93e46257b6c427b96b6038d9ca8df4e2022-12-22T00:31:42ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952022-06-0116e00922Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortarsMohamed S. Saif0Mohamed O.R. El-Hariri1Ahmed I. Sarie-Eldin2Bassam A. Tayeh3Mohamed F. Farag4Department of Civil Engineering, Shoubra, Benha University, 108 Shoubra Street, 11629 Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Civil Engineering, Shoubra, Benha University, 108 Shoubra Street, 11629 Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Construction and Building Engineering, High Institute of Engineering, October 6 City, EgyptCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Gaza, P.O. Box 108, Gaza Strip, Palestine; Corresponding author.Department of Construction and Building Engineering, High Institute of Engineering, October 6 City, EgyptTo overcome massive pollution and energy consumption resulting from cement production in addition to concrete’s durability problems, geopolymer concretes (GPC) and mortars (GPM) are recently gaining increasing interest. GPCs are manufactured based on different ingredients such as Fly Ash, GGBS, and other Alumina-Silicate rich materials and polymerized by using alkali activator. However, based on the major polymeric constituent material and curing condition, the properties of GPC are determined. In Egypt, metakaolin (MK) is available in several locations, which after calcination exhibits satisfactory pozzolanic activity. MK is a good replacement of cements in concrete and GPC as it consumes less fuel and produces much lower pollutants. In this research, the durability of MK mixes, that can be utilized in normal construction locations are investigated. Metakaolin based geopolymer mortars (MK-GPM) with up to 60% OPC are made to investigate the effect of OPC inclusion on durability related characteristics. The influence of curing conditions at ambient temperature (23 ± 2 °C) as well as at 60 °C heat curing is also investigated. Water transport properties are evaluated. Durability related characteristics in terms of change in weight and compressive strength with time after exposure for 10 weeks to chemical solution (10% MgSO4, H2SO4 (pH=3) and 10% NaCl). Furthermore, microstructure properties are investigated through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to identify the phase and chemical composition. The results reveal that, heat curing of MK-GPM reduces its sorptivity by 9 ± 2% and water absorption by 13 ± 3%. On the other hand, the inclusion of OPC in MK-GPM (by more than 5%) increases water absorption and sorptivity and consequently reduces durability. Although, MK-GPM shows better durability when exposed to aggressive environmental attacks, incorporating cement up to 20% demonstrates better durability performance than OPC mortar. The study of the microstructure of tested mixes explains and confirms the experimental results.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509522000547Metakaolin (MK)Microstructure propertiesDurabilitySorptivityAggressive environmentMK based geopolymer matrix (MK-GPM) |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed S. Saif Mohamed O.R. El-Hariri Ahmed I. Sarie-Eldin Bassam A. Tayeh Mohamed F. Farag Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars Case Studies in Construction Materials Metakaolin (MK) Microstructure properties Durability Sorptivity Aggressive environment MK based geopolymer matrix (MK-GPM) |
| title | Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars |
| title_full | Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars |
| title_short | Impact of Ca+ content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars |
| title_sort | impact of ca content and curing condition on durability performance of metakaolin based geopolymer mortars |
| topic | Metakaolin (MK) Microstructure properties Durability Sorptivity Aggressive environment MK based geopolymer matrix (MK-GPM) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509522000547 |
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