Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning
Ricin toxin (RT) is derived from castor beans, produced by the plant Ricinus communis. RT and its toxic A chain (RTA) have been used therapeutically to arm ligands that target disease-causing cells. In most cases these ligands are cell-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These ligand-toxin conjuga...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/3/9/1163/ |
| _version_ | 1811305975925178368 |
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| author | Jody Berry Ellen S. Vitetta Kejing Song Seth H. Pincus Joan E. Smallshaw |
| author_facet | Jody Berry Ellen S. Vitetta Kejing Song Seth H. Pincus Joan E. Smallshaw |
| author_sort | Jody Berry |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ricin toxin (RT) is derived from castor beans, produced by the plant Ricinus communis. RT and its toxic A chain (RTA) have been used therapeutically to arm ligands that target disease-causing cells. In most cases these ligands are cell-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These ligand-toxin conjugates or immunotoxins (ITs) have shown success in clinical trials [1]. Ricin is also of concern in biodefense and has been classified by the CDC as a Class B biothreat. Virtually all reports of RT poisoning have been due to ingestion of castor beans, since they grow abundantly throughout the world and are readily available. RT is easily purified and stable, and is not difficult to weaponize. RT must be considered during any “white powder” incident and there have been documented cases of its use in espionage [2,3]. The clinical syndrome resulting from ricin intoxication is dependent upon the route of exposure. Countermeasures to prevent ricin poisoning are being developed and their use will depend upon whether military or civilian populations are at risk of exposure. In this review we will discuss ricin toxin, its cellular mode of action, the clinical syndromes that occur following exposure and the development of pre- and post-exposure approaches to prevent of intoxication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:36:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-f93f070041994c7bacc22a32682f0510 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:36:12Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-f93f070041994c7bacc22a32682f05102022-12-22T02:54:05ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512011-09-01391163118410.3390/toxins3091163Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin PoisoningJody BerryEllen S. VitettaKejing SongSeth H. PincusJoan E. SmallshawRicin toxin (RT) is derived from castor beans, produced by the plant Ricinus communis. RT and its toxic A chain (RTA) have been used therapeutically to arm ligands that target disease-causing cells. In most cases these ligands are cell-binding monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These ligand-toxin conjugates or immunotoxins (ITs) have shown success in clinical trials [1]. Ricin is also of concern in biodefense and has been classified by the CDC as a Class B biothreat. Virtually all reports of RT poisoning have been due to ingestion of castor beans, since they grow abundantly throughout the world and are readily available. RT is easily purified and stable, and is not difficult to weaponize. RT must be considered during any “white powder” incident and there have been documented cases of its use in espionage [2,3]. The clinical syndrome resulting from ricin intoxication is dependent upon the route of exposure. Countermeasures to prevent ricin poisoning are being developed and their use will depend upon whether military or civilian populations are at risk of exposure. In this review we will discuss ricin toxin, its cellular mode of action, the clinical syndromes that occur following exposure and the development of pre- and post-exposure approaches to prevent of intoxication.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/3/9/1163/ricinbiothreatvaccinesantibodies |
| spellingShingle | Jody Berry Ellen S. Vitetta Kejing Song Seth H. Pincus Joan E. Smallshaw Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning Toxins ricin biothreat vaccines antibodies |
| title | Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning |
| title_full | Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning |
| title_fullStr | Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning |
| title_short | Passive and Active Vaccination Strategies to Prevent Ricin Poisoning |
| title_sort | passive and active vaccination strategies to prevent ricin poisoning |
| topic | ricin biothreat vaccines antibodies |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/3/9/1163/ |
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